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This research paper examines the evolution of international criminal law in the early 21st century, focusing on the impact of the tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. The author analyzes the subsequent efforts to establish specialized courts in Sierra Leone, Cambodia, and East Timor, while arguing that the proliferation of ad hoc tribunals may promote selective justice and that a permanent International Criminal Court is necessary to end the 'culture of impunity'.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the Protected Disclosures Act, no 26 of 2000, analyzing its role in South Africa's anti-corruption strategy and the legal protections it provides to employees in both public and private sectors who report workplace malpractice.

This research paper examines the presence and activities of Chinese organised criminal groups and triad societies in South Africa. It details their evolution from niche trades like shark fins to diversified criminal enterprises including abalone smuggling, drug trafficking, and counterfeit goods, while analyzing the challenges faced by the South African Police Service (SAPS) in monitoring these secretive, hierarchical organisations.

This government notice, published on 29 December 2000 by the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, declares several areas as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) under Section 43 of the Marine Living Resources Act, 1998. The document defines the precise geographic boundaries of these MPAs across the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces and outlines specific stipulations regarding permitted fishing activities and restrictions on vessel use and wildlife interaction.

This document provides introductory quotes from Strobe Talbott, Deputy US Secretary of State, and President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa, framing the diplomatic and economic relationship between the United States and South Africa within the context of an 'African Renaissance'. It notes that the publication originated from a May 2000 conference co-hosted by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), the University of the Witwatersrand, and the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).

The Local Government: Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000 is a South African legislative framework designed to enable municipalities to achieve social and economic upliftment for local communities. It establishes the legal nature of municipalities, defines the rights and duties of councils and community members, and mandates the creation of Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and performance management systems. The Act also regulates municipal services, the establishment of municipal entities, and the conduct of councillors and staff through formal Codes of Conduct.

This document introduces 'Society Under Siege, Volume Three: Managing Arms in South Africa', a report by the Institute for Security Studies. It examines the transition of firearms from legal to illegal status, the failures of the Central Firearm Registry (where only 30% of records were accurate), and the social drivers of firearm demand. The report advocates for a combination of stricter government legislation and community-based initiatives to combat the culture of violence in South Africa.

President Nelson Mandela's address at the Kosovo, Africa and Humanitarian Intervention Conference, delivered on 25 August 2000, discusses the disparity in international willingness to intervene in conflicts in Africa compared to Kosovo and emphasizes the need for global accountability and dialogue to prevent human rights violations.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies details the outcomes of a three-day dialogue series held in Maseru, Lesotho, in April 2000. The event aimed to address challenges in security sector reform (SSR) and improve civil-military relations in a context marked by past military coups and a lack of trust between the state and civil society. The document outlines the internal and external factors influencing Lesotho's security environment, the roles of key institutions like the Ministry of Defence and the Lesotho Defence Force (LDF), and a set of recommendations for achieving an apolitical, accountable, and professional security sector.

The Quito Declaration is a statement issued by representatives of Indigenous organizations in May 2000, calling for the recognition of Indigenous Peoples' roles in environmental conservation and demanding their active participation in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) processes, specifically regarding COP 6 and the Clean Development Mechanism.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in Southern Africa, focusing on the failures of disarmament and demobilisation in UN peacekeeping operations and the subsequent rise of illicit arms trafficking. It argues that the lack of effective weapons control during conflict resolution processes has fueled regional instability and criminal activity, while proposing a coordinated regional approach involving SADC, SARPCCO, and the OAU to manage stocks and reduce the culture of violence.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the evolution of security architectures in Southern Africa, tracing the transition from the informal Front-Line States (FLS) alliance to the formal structures of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), specifically the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security, the Inter-State Defence and Security Committee (ISDSC), and the Southern African Police Chiefs Co-operation Organisation (SARPCCO).

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the relationship between corruption and development, with a specific focus on South Africa. It argues that corruption is a global phenomenon that distorts public spending, undermines efficiency, and discourages investment, thereby hindering economic growth and social equity. The authors contend that while economic liberalisation and democratisation can create opportunities for better governance, they are not panaceas; instead, a multifaceted approach involving institutional reform, legal frameworks, and strong political will is required to eradicate corruption and promote sustainable development.

The South African criminal justice system is facing a crisis characterized by a decline in prosecution and conviction rates since 1949. While the prosecution service maintains a high success rate for the cases it chooses to take on, the overall system is hampered by weak police forensic capabilities, high case withdrawal rates—particularly in assault cases—and a shortage of experienced prosecutors due to high staff turnover.

This research paper examines the growth, structure, and regulation of the private security industry in South Africa as of 1999. It analyzes the industry's shift toward performing functions traditionally reserved for the police, the resulting tensions regarding accountability and human rights, and the industry's expansion into other African nations.

This research paper by Mark Malan of the Institute for Security Studies examines South Africa's potential roles in resolving the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as of March 1999. It analyzes various scenarios—ranging from a firm peace agreement to the absence of a cease-fire—and proposes an unconventional 'Renaissance peacekeeping' model that co-opts belligerent statutory forces into a multinational operation.

This research paper introduces the 'Towards Collaborative Peace' (TCP) project by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), which examines the illegal trade of small arms and light weapons in Southern Africa. The document outlines the project's goal to analyze how the proliferation of weapons—resulting from conflict legacies and porous borders—contributes to a 'culture of violence' and undermines democratization and socio-economic development in the region.

This document contains the proceedings of a Trade and Sustainable Development Workshop held on 1-2 July 1999 in Midrand, South Africa. Hosted by the IUCN, the Group for Environmental Monitoring (GEM), and the Trade and Industrial Policy Secretariat (TIPS), and funded by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), the workshop aimed to identify international and domestic trends, research focus areas, and strategic interventions for South Africa regarding the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other trade policy negotiations to promote sustainable development.

This research paper assesses Western efforts to develop African peacekeeping capabilities in the late 1990s, specifically focusing on the 'P-3 Initiative' (US, UK, and France) and Danish contributions. The authors argue that while these capacity-building programs provide tangible training and equipment, they are primarily driven by Western domestic political desires to avoid direct military or financial involvement in African conflicts. The document also details the institutional, financial, and operational limitations of African regional bodies like the OAU, SADC, and ECOWAS in managing peace and security independently.

This report documents the proceedings of the Lima Workshop on Mining and Sustainable Development in the Americas, held from June 27-29, 1998. The event brought together 76 representatives from 11 countries—including industry, government, NGOs, and indigenous peoples—to discuss improving mining policies and practices to ensure they contribute to sustainable development in the hemisphere.