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The document argues that Tanzania's climate resilience is hindered by a lack of national policy, poor integration of climate issues into sectoral plans, and a significant disconnect between national-level data and local farming needs. It highlights the vulnerability of the agricultural sector, which supports over 80% of the population, to increasing temperatures and erratic rainfall. Key recommendations include decentralising meteorological services, increasing the number of trained climate scientists, and strengthening public-private partnerships to provide credit and insurance for adaptive technologies.

The report details two workshops held in 2014 to map dairy livestock systems and their environmental context in Tanzania's Morogoro region. It identifies a range of production systems from nomadic to zero-grazing and highlights critical environmental pressures, including water scarcity in the dry season and land conflicts between crop farmers and pastoralists. The document explores scenarios for increasing milk yields, concluding that improvements can be achieved through better education and resource efficiency rather than increased resource consumption, provided that water catchments are protected and fodder markets are developed.