PGIS Workshops’ Summary Reports

The report details two workshops held in 2014 to map dairy livestock systems and their environmental context in Tanzania's Morogoro region. It identifies a range of production systems from nomadic to zero-grazing and highlights critical environmental pressures, including water scarcity in the dry season and land conflicts between crop farmers and pastoralists. The document explores scenarios for increasing milk yields, concluding that improvements can be achieved through better education and resource efficiency rather than increased resource consumption, provided that water catchments are protected and fodder markets are developed.

• Dairy production in the study area is categorized into three main systems: extensive (including nomadic and transhumance), semi-intensive (with or without supplementary feed), and intensive (including tethering, semi-zero grazing, and zero-grazing).
• Feed sources are primarily natural and collected, consisting of natural forage, cultivated fodder, crop residues, and concentrates such as sunflower cake and molasses from local processing mills.
• Grazing land is being reduced by several factors, including encroachment by bushland, the expansion of crop farming into fertile pasture areas, the creation of new protected areas, and reforestation efforts.
• Water scarcity is a significant issue during the dry season (February to June), with some previously permanent rivers, such as the River Mkata, becoming seasonal due to climate change, siltation, and irrigation abstraction.
• Soil quality is generally high in corridors from Turiani to Kilosa and Mikumi, but risks include soil compaction in livestock markets and migration routes, as well as erosion caused by charcoal production and hill-slope farming.
• Proposed scenarios to increase milk yields focus on five key areas: improving feed quality and quantity, enhancing farmer education on herd management and health, improving animal breeds via selective breeding or AI, strengthening support infrastructure, and increasing water access.
• Protecting water catchment areas, such as the Kanga hills and Nguru wa Ndege hill, is considered essential for securing water access, though these areas face competing pressures from charcoal production, timber harvesting, and mining.
• The adoption of improved fodder production is estimated to be low (around 10%) unless a viable market for hay and legumes is established that is economically comparable to cash crops like tomatoes and peas.
• The report concludes that the environmental impact directly attributable to smallholder dairy production is not currently a major local concern and that yield increases can be achieved through efficiency and education rather than increased resource use.

APA

Morris, J., Fraval, S., Githoro, E., Ran, Y., & Mugatha, S. (2015). PGIS Workshops’ Summary Reports. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sei-wp-2015-04-cleaned-morengo-1411m1.pdf

Chicago

Morris, Joanne, Simon Fraval, Edmund Githoro, Ylva Ran, and Simon Mugatha. PGIS Workshops’ Summary Reports. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2015. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sei-wp-2015-04-cleaned-morengo-1411m1.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Morris |first1=Joanne |last2=Fraval |first2=Simon |last3=Githoro |first3=Edmund |last4=Ran |first4=Ylva |last5=Mugatha |first5=Simon |title=PGIS Workshops’ Summary Reports |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=February 2015 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sei-wp-2015-04-cleaned-morengo-1411m1.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{morris2015pgis, author = {Morris, Joanne and Fraval, Simon and Githoro, Edmund and Ran, Ylva and Mugatha, Simon}, title = {{PGIS Workshops’ Summary Reports}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2015}, month = feb, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sei-wp-2015-04-cleaned-morengo-1411m1.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }