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Bosnia and Herzegovina faces a significant investment gap of 3.5 billion euros to meet EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (UWWTD) requirements, with only 20 operational treatment plants currently in place. The report suggests that BiH can leverage Sweden's experience in sectoral knowledge sharing, inter-municipal cooperation, and the use of both centralized and decentralized systems to improve sustainability. Key recommendations include adopting the 2024 Master Plan for Agglomerations, developing entity-level sludge management plans, and bypassing traditional linear models in favor of circular resource recovery for water, nutrients, and energy.

The briefing details consumption-based emissions for Swedish households in 2023, highlighting that while total emissions per person are similar across different municipality groups, the composition of these emissions varies by geography and income. It introduces the Consumption Compass 2.0 as a tool for local governments to identify emission hotspots and implement precise, inclusive climate policies.

The report argues that Swedish consumption patterns are unsustainable, requiring resources equivalent to 3.25 Earths if adopted globally. Using the Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP), it demonstrates that consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden are approximately 90% higher than official national statistics. Analysis of four cities shows that Stockholm has the highest environmental footprint, while all four exceed the per capita emission levels required to meet the 2-degree global warming target.