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This case study examines the economic transition of Germany's Ruhr region from a coal-mining and heavy industry center to a knowledge- and tourism-based economy. It details the shift from top-down structural policies to a decentralized, inclusive engagement strategy involving trade unions and government, culminating in the closure of the last hard coal mine in 2018.

This report compares seven European Green Capital (EGC) winners from 2015-2021 (Bristol, Ljubljana, Essen, Nijmegen, Oslo, Lisbon, and Lahti) with Tallinn across 12 environmental domains. It identifies 'threshold activities'—such as having implemented strategic climate documents and pursuing carbon neutrality by 2050—that are essential for EGC candidacy. While Tallinn performs well in air quality and green space, it lags behind winners in CO2 emissions per capita, waste landfilling rates, and the formal adoption of key strategic plans.

This Green Bond Fact Sheet describes a EUR 1.5 billion (USD 1.7 billion) green bond issued by E.ON SE on August 28, 2019, to finance or refinance renewable energy, energy efficiency, and clean transportation projects.