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The report examines the systematic violence in Nigeria's North-Central region, specifically Benue and Plateau states, where armed herder militias have targeted farming communities. It attributes the persistence of this violence to state failure, operational deficiencies in security agencies, and a lack of political will to enforce laws like Benue's Open Grazing Prohibition and Ranches Establishment Law. The author highlights specific massacres in 2023 and 2025 as evidence of a campaign of forced displacement and killing. To resolve the crisis, the document recommends moving beyond symbolic presidential gestures toward technological surveillance, the establishment of state-level policing, a nationwide disarmament programme, and the prosecution of sponsors behind the attacks.

The report analyzes how climate change acts as a driver of conflict in Nigeria, specifically through resource competition, livelihood loss, and displacement. It details the interaction between environmental stressors and security issues, such as farmer-herder clashes and recruitment into armed groups like Boko Haram. The document proposes a five-step sequence to mainstream conflict sensitivity and peacebuilding into the National Adaptation Plan (NAP), ranging from institutional framework development to the inclusion of peacebuilding markers in monitoring and evaluation.