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This case study examines the China–Sweden Erdos Eco-Town Project, an effort to implement full-scale dry sanitation systems with urine diversion in an arid urban area of northern China. While the project provided valuable learning regarding the technical and social challenges of upscaling eco-toilets, it was ultimately overshadowed by rapid economic growth and compromised by poor construction quality and a lack of dedicated ownership.

This briefing by GreenCape examines the market and implementation of container-based sanitation (CBS) in Cape Town's informal settlements. It details the current use of portable flush toilets (PFTs) and shared container toilets, incorporates community feedback on design and servicing, and explores future opportunities for the beneficiation of human waste into valuable products.

This briefing describes UrbanCircle, an initiative by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) designed to help urban centres transition from linear waste systems to a circular economy. The project focuses on converting organic waste—including sanitation wastewater, excreta, and food waste—into commercial products like fertilisers, biogas, and dry fuels to generate revenue and improve public health.