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This fact sheet describes a sustainable sanitation pilot project implemented at the Tarumitra Bio-reserve and Ecology Centre in Patna, Bihar, India. The project, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and implemented by the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Institute (WASHi) and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), established an ecological sanitation (ecosan) complex to provide an alternative to open defecation and demonstrate the agricultural benefits of reusing human excreta.

This case study examines the China–Sweden Erdos Eco-Town Project, an effort to implement full-scale dry sanitation systems with urine diversion in an arid urban area of northern China. While the project provided valuable learning regarding the technical and social challenges of upscaling eco-toilets, it was ultimately overshadowed by rapid economic growth and compromised by poor construction quality and a lack of dedicated ownership.

This fact sheet from the Stockholm Environment Institute outlines the challenges facing smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically regarding food security, soil fertility, and water management. It proposes an integrated systems approach combining water harvesting, conservation agriculture, and 'productive sanitation'—the reuse of human excreta as fertilizer—to close yield gaps and build climate resilience.