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Global Witness critiques COP29 as a 'playground for fossil fuel lobbyists,' noting that the summit failed to mention a transition away from oil and gas and provided insufficient climate finance for developing nations. The organization highlights systemic flaws, including the hosting of summits in petrostates and the repression of civil society in Azerbaijan, while calling for structural reforms to prioritize vulnerable communities over polluting industries.

The document outlines the composition, meeting frequency, and leadership structure of the IAI's EDI Committee, specifying its mandate to monitor the Gender, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy and establish an Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Advisory Committee.

The guide describes an 11-session course focused on scaling up health system adaptation in the Americas. It emphasizes moving from reactive, incremental pilot projects to transformative, system-wide resilience. Key components include vulnerability and adaptation assessments (V&A), community empowerment, strategic communication, and the integration of low-carbon transitions with climate resilience. The course also addresses governance challenges, equity for vulnerable and indigenous populations, and the necessity of partnerships between governments and civil society.

The briefing argues that climate justice cannot be achieved without protecting environmental defenders, who face increasing violence, harassment, and criminalization, often linked to land conflicts and climate-damaging industries. It proposes specific enhancements to the Action for Climate Empowerment (ACE) Action Plan and the Global Stocktake (GST) of the Paris Agreement to integrate human rights protections. Additionally, it calls for a protocol to ensure that countries hosting COPs guarantee freedom of association and assembly for civil society and Indigenous representatives.

The Climate Justice Movement (CJM) in Kenya is a decentralized coalition of civil society, grassroots organizations, and indigenous groups working to address unequal climate impacts. While the movement has successfully influenced policy and established a strong grassroots presence, it faces challenges including internal leadership disputes, limited funding, and coordination gaps. The study highlights the importance of the Financing Locally Led Climate Action (FLLoCA) program and the need for better gender mainstreaming and technical capacity building to ensure equitable climate action.

The briefing argues that a human rights-based approach is an essential condition for stopping biodiversity loss in an equitable manner. It recommends that the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) explicitly reference international human rights instruments, adopt a formal definition of 'human rights-based approach', and establish review mechanisms to monitor compliance. Key priorities include securing the land tenure rights of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs), ensuring equitable governance in area-based measures, and protecting human environmental rights defenders.

The report examines the interaction between ICCAs and international and national laws, finding that while international instruments and some national policies show progress, systemic gaps and discriminatory implementation continue to threaten these areas. It highlights the critical need for the recognition of customary land rights, self-determination, and integrated socio-ecological legislation to support community-led conservation.

The Lamu County Bio-Cultural Community Protocol (BCP) is a communal document created by the Bajun, Swahili, Sanye, Aweer, and Orma communities to protect their ancestral lands and nature-based livelihoods. It details the diverse economic niches of these groups—including fishing, pastoralism, and hunting-gathering—and the traditional conservation methods they employ. The document strongly opposes the LAPSSET project and the Amu Power coal plant, citing a lack of free, prior, and informed consent, threats to biodiversity, and the risk of cultural erasure. It concludes by demanding legal recognition of community land rights and the adoption of renewable energy alternatives.

Natural Justice proposes three primary amendments to the Wildlife Conservation Management Amendment Bill: replacing the ambiguous term "adequate funds" for County Wildlife Conservation and Compensation Committees with a specific budget percentage, adding indigenous and local community representatives to the governing body of the Wildlife Conservation Trust Fund, and increasing the minimum benefit-sharing allocation for local communities to at least 15%.

The ABS Picture Box is a facilitator-led communication tool consisting of eight images and supporting background information. It is designed to help indigenous peoples and local communities in Africa understand and participate in Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS) processes, specifically concerning the utilization of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge.

The Biodiversity Law Centre and Natural Justice provide detailed feedback on a draft White Paper for biodiversity conservation in South Africa. While supporting the document's transformative goals and Afrocentric approach, they argue for stronger constitutional grounding in 'ecologically sustainable development,' clearer definitions of key terms like 'conservation area' and 'wildlife,' and the explicit inclusion of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC). They specifically call for the integration of climate change into the problem statement and the removal of GDP as a metric for biodiversity success, warning that such a measure encourages unsustainable growth.

The document outlines the process of creating community protocols—codified rules and procedures based on customary law—to help communities manage interactions with external parties like governments and investors. It details the role of facilitators, the common elements of a protocol (such as identity, values, and governance), and strategies for using these documents for advocacy, negotiation, and conflict resolution. A significant focus is placed on ensuring Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and challenging top-down impact assessments through community-led evidence.

The Community Protocols Toolbox is a guide designed for NGOs and civil society to support local communities in documenting their identity, customary laws, and development priorities. It emphasizes a participatory, community-led process to enable meaningful engagement and free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) when facing industrial investment projects. The toolbox includes practical methodologies—textual, visual, verbal, and dramatic—to map territories, analyze power dynamics, and navigate legal landscapes across national and international frameworks.

The report evaluates the Climate Justice Movement (CJM) in Kenya, highlighting its role in shaping the Climate Change Act of 2016 and its ongoing efforts in policy advocacy and community resilience. While the movement is diverse—comprising CBOs, NGOs, and indigenous groups—it faces significant challenges, including shrinking civic space, internal fragmentation, and limited inclusion of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) in formal decision-making. The study recommends operationalizing the CJM engagement framework, resolving power struggles over civil society representation in the National Climate Change Council, and adopting intersectional, gender-transformative approaches to climate action.

Indonesian civil society organizations argue that the EUDR is an insufficient unilateral measure that fails to address the root causes of deforestation, lacks strong human rights protections, and risks marginalizing smallholders while ignoring the role of financial institutions.

The executive summary argues that strengthening legal forest rights for Indigenous Peoples and local communities is a vital tool for mitigating climate change. It finds that forests under strong legal recognition and government protection experience significantly lower deforestation rates than those without such protections. The document emphasizes that legal rights alone are insufficient if governments undermine them through the allocation of resource concessions or failure to prevent illegal encroachments.

The report reviews 129 PES programs across 36 countries to assess how Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs) benefit from and are excluded from these mechanisms. While PES can help preserve ecosystems and strengthen land rights, many IPs and LCs face systemic barriers, including lack of formal land tenure and top-down governance. The report argues that direct payments often fail to compensate efforts fairly, with some payments as low as US$0.33 per household annually. It proposes a multi-tiered strategy involving rights recognition, co-creation in program design, and long-term legal reforms to improve financial flows and leadership for IPs and LCs.

The WRI/WBCSD guide serves as an information support tool for procurement managers to address sustainability, legality, and social implications in wood and paper supply chains.

The research examines three Indigenous matrilineal communities—the Wayuu in Colombia, the Bribri in Costa Rica, and the Guna in Panama—to identify risks to women's land tenure resulting from climate actions. It finds that women face potential loss of land entitlements, disruption of livelihoods, and erosion of matrilineal culture, largely due to inadequate consultation processes and a failure to account for traditional gendered tenure systems. The paper argues that climate actions, such as wind park development, REDD+ negotiations, and climate-induced relocation, risk eroding customary rights and social support systems when they ignore differential tenure systems and power asymmetries.

The paper examines 21 examples of locally led adaptation (LLA) across Africa, Asia-Pacific, and the Caribbean and Latin America to provide strategies for financing and implementing resilience efforts. It argues that LLA redresses power imbalances by prioritizing the agency of local organizations and Indigenous peoples, who are often best positioned to identify adaptation solutions. The document recommends that funders and governments increase the volume and flexibility of climate finance, integrate social equity into standard processes, and shift governance to center local priorities.