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This research paper examines the concept of 'cascading' woody biomass, focusing on the principle that material use of wood should be prioritized over energy use, particularly within the European Union. It analyzes the terminology, policy implementation, and potential risks to international bioenergy markets, concluding that without harmonized rules, such policies may lead to regulatory loopholes and legislative complexity.

This policy brief, produced by the Stockholm Environment Institute in partnership with the business leaders' initiative 3C, examines the role of biomass in transitioning to a low-carbon economy by 2035. It argues that while biomass is a promising renewable energy source, it is constrained by physical limits and competing needs for food and materials. The document evaluates four future scenarios, concluding that a 'Sustainability Transition'—which balances climate mitigation with sustainable agricultural productivity—offers the most viable path for economic growth and environmental stability.

This executive summary, produced by the Stockholm Environment Institute for the Combat Climate Change (3C) initiative, examines how resource scarcity in biomass, metals, and water could hinder the transition to a low-carbon economy. It evaluates various scenarios for resource availability and proposes strategies—including technological innovation, policy shifts, and efficiency improvements—to ensure the viability of green technologies.