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This research paper evaluates the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report's treatment of the relationship between climate change and conflict, noting improvements over previous reports but highlighting internal inconsistencies and a lack of probability assessments.

This research paper examines the relationship between local-level environmental degradation, demographic pressures, and internal armed conflict from 1990 to 2004. Using a geospatial grid analysis of 100km x 100km squares globally, the authors find that while population density is a strong predictor of conflict, the effects of land degradation and water scarcity are relatively weak and often secondary to political and economic factors such as GDP and regime stability.