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Ethiopia is not on track to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, with poverty and hunger projected to remain high due to conflict in Tigray, climate change, and economic shocks. The report argues that a sustainable food system transformation is possible with an additional annual public investment of USD 4.6 billion from 2023 to 2030. This funding would target increasing agricultural productivity, transitioning to healthier diets, and enhancing climate resilience. A significant financing gap exists between short-term emergency food assistance and the long-term investments required for systemic resilience. Key recommendations include prioritizing on-farm interventions, scaling up sustainable livestock intensification to reduce GHG emissions, and integrating nutrition education with social protection programs.

The document outlines a strategy for transforming Nigeria's food systems amidst rising hunger and poverty. It utilizes a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to estimate the costs of ending hunger, doubling small-scale producer incomes, and transitioning to healthier diets while integrating climate mitigation and adaptation. The report highlights that population growth, from 206 million in 2020 to a projected 263 million by 2030, will increase food demand and environmental pressure, necessitating significant external aid and global solidarity to achieve sustainable goals.