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The policy brief estimates that the construction of the EF-170 Ferrogrão railway will induce the deforestation of 2,043 square kilometers of native vegetation in Mato Grosso if no mitigation measures are implemented. This land-use change is projected to release 75 million tonnes of carbon, representing an environmental cost of approximately US$ 1.9 billion, which is about 60% of the project's estimated implementation cost of US$ 3.1 billion. The analysis uses a 'market access' approach to show how improved logistics for grain producers will increase demand for land, specifically affecting 38 municipalities.

The CLEANED framework provides a participatory, rapid assessment tool for evaluating the environmental footprints of livestock and aquaculture interventions across the entire value chain. It focuses on four main impact categories: water availability and quality, soil and land health, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Designed for use in developing countries, the tool combines public global datasets with local participatory GIS data to provide scores (adverse, positive, or static) for specific spatial units. A pilot application in Tanzania's dairy sector demonstrated the tool's ability to visualize how increased milk demand could expand fodder production areas.