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The analysis of 163 INDCs reveals that countries frequently use 'small share' of global emissions and per capita emissions as equity indicators for mitigation, while vulnerability is a primary argument for adaptation. However, most equity claims are unsubstantiated or based on internal expertise, with a lack of independent evidence or consideration of the aggregate global impact of these individual approaches.

The report finds that climate change acts as a significant drag on Canada's economy, reducing GDP growth, causing job losses, and increasing fiscal pressure on governments. It highlights a 'broken window fallacy' where spending on repairs masks deeper losses in household income and productive investment. The analysis indicates that Northern Canada and Alberta are particularly vulnerable, and that a combination of proactive adaptation and low global emissions could reduce total real GDP losses by 75%.