THE 2020-2030 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The strategy outlines a comprehensive plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina to transition to a green economy by 2030 and achieve significant emission reductions by 2050. It identifies high vulnerability in agriculture, water management, and forestry due to increasing temperature extremes and erratic precipitation. The document proposes a low-carbon development path focusing on replacing inefficient coal-fired power plants with renewables, improving building energy efficiency, and modernising transport. A total investment of approximately BAM 16.7 billion is estimated for mitigation and BAM 170 million for adaptation by 2030.

• Bosnia and Herzegovina has experienced significant climate variability, with six of the last ten years being very dry to extremely dry and five years marked by extreme flooding, including catastrophic floods in May 2014.
• The country's greenhouse gas emissions are relatively low per capita compared to the EU average, but very high relative to its GDP, indicating an irrational use of energy resources.
• The electricity sector is the primary source of emissions, with coal-fired plants producing approximately 75% of electricity in 2017.
• Agriculture is highly vulnerable to heat stress and water shortages; the 2012 drought cost approximately $1 billion in lost production and destroyed nearly 70% of vegetables and corn in inner parts of the country.
• Water resources are under threat from increased evapotranspiration and a reduction in snowfall, which decreases spring flows and increases the risk of both floods and droughts.
• Forestry is a critical sector for carbon sequestration but faces risks from increased forest fires, pests, and the potential displacement of fir forests by beech forests due to humidity and temperature changes.
• The tourism sector, particularly winter mountain tourism, is directly exposed to climate risks due to reduced snowfall and milder winters, which negatively impact ski centers.
• Public health is threatened by an increase in vector-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease and West Nile fever, as warming expands the habitats of ticks and mosquitoes.
• The strategy targets a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 compared to 2014 levels, and a net reduction of 80% compared to 1990 levels.
• To achieve low-carbon development in electricity, the strategy proposes replacing inefficient coal plants (30% efficiency) with new ones (over 40% efficiency) and installing 550 MW of wind and 400 MW of solar capacity by 2030.
• The building sector represents a major energy consumption area (58.44% of total energy), with a priority on renovating 1% of residential buildings annually to reduce heating needs.
• Transport emissions are projected to grow by 30.5% by 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario, necessitating a shift toward rail transport and electric vehicles to achieve a low-carbon path.
• Waste management mitigation focuses on reducing biodegradable waste in landfills and implementing landfill gas collection systems to produce electricity and heat.
• The total estimated investment required for GHG emission reduction by 2030 is BAM 16.53 billion, with the electricity sector requiring the largest share at BAM 8.625 billion.
• Adaptation investments by 2030 are estimated at BAM 170.42 million, with the largest allocation for agriculture (BAM 121.95 million).

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2020). THE 2020-2030 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. https://leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5200.pdf

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. THE 2020-2030 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 2020. https://leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5200.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=THE 2020-2030 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA |date=December 2020 |url=https://leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5200.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute202020202030, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{THE 2020-2030 CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND LOW EMISSION DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2020}, month = dec, url = {https://leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5200.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }