MADAGASCAR Integrated Energy Access Planning – COLD CHAINS REPORT

The Madagascar Integrated Energy Access Planning (IEP) Cold Chains Report provides a comprehensive geospatial and technical analysis of the medical and agricultural cold chains in Madagascar. It identifies critical gaps in electricity access and road infrastructure that hinder the distribution of vaccines and the preservation of perishable agricultural products. The report proposes electrification and equipment strategies to achieve universal healthcare facility electrification by 2030 and to reduce post-harvest losses in the potato, tomato, fisheries, and dairy value chains.

• The medical cold chain is characterized by a relatively young equipment fleet, with 60% of Performance, Quality and Safety (PQS) equipment being less than four years old. However, approximately 34% of the Ministry of Health's (MoH) inventory is non-functional, and 20% of basic health centres (CSBs) lack any functioning cold chain equipment (CCE).
• Most healthcare facilities (68%) are underutilizing their cold chain capacity, using less than 10% of available space. This suggests that existing capacity is sufficient to accommodate population growth and new vaccines, though nine districts are currently constrained or over capacity.
• Achieving universal electrification of healthcare facilities by 2030 and ensuring medical cold chain integrity requires a total investment of USD 28.5 million. This includes USD 14.4 million for CCE and USD 14.1 million for facility electrification (hybrid and off-grid systems).
• Coordination between CCE procurement and facility electrification could reduce costs. Shifting 40% of solar direct-drive (SDD) procurements to less expensive electric CCE in electrified facilities could save approximately USD 2.9 million.
• Agricultural production in Madagascar is severely impacted by post-harvest losses, which are estimated at 60% at the farmer level for potatoes and tomatoes. These losses are primarily driven by poor road infrastructure and a lack of cold storage, particularly in isolated areas.
• The fisheries sector presents the highest potential for return on investment (ROI) for cold chain improvements, with an estimated ROI of 2 years. Post-harvest losses for seafood are estimated at approximately 80%.
• Dairy production is concentrated in the 'dairy triangle' (between Manjakandriana, Tsiroanomandidy, and Ambalavao). The sector faces processing losses of up to 80% at the farmer level and 30-40% at the processing stage due to storage disruptions.
• Scenario 1 for agricultural cold chains, representing 100% development across potato, tomato, fish, and dairy value chains, would require a total CAPEX investment of USD 2.73 billion and an annual energy demand of 212 GWh.
• Scenario 2, targeting 20% development of the agricultural cold chain, is proposed as a more manageable decade-long target. This scenario would require a CAPEX investment of USD 545.8 million and an energy demand of 42 GWh/year.
• Road infrastructure is a critical bottleneck for both medical and agricultural cold chains. Seasonal precipitation often renders roads impassable, forcing medical personnel to transport vaccines by foot and canoe in some regions.

APA

Sustainable Energy for All (2024). MADAGASCAR Integrated Energy Access Planning – COLD CHAINS REPORT. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-07/report-madagascar-iep_coldchains-en.pdf

Chicago

Sustainable Energy for All. MADAGASCAR Integrated Energy Access Planning – COLD CHAINS REPORT. 2024. https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-07/report-madagascar-iep_coldchains-en.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Sustainable Energy for All |title=MADAGASCAR Integrated Energy Access Planning – COLD CHAINS REPORT |date=June 2024 |url=https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-07/report-madagascar-iep_coldchains-en.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sustainableenergyforall2024madagascar, author = {{Sustainable Energy for All}}, title = {{MADAGASCAR Integrated Energy Access Planning – COLD CHAINS REPORT}}, institution = {Sustainable Energy for All}, year = {2024}, month = jun, url = {https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2024-07/report-madagascar-iep_coldchains-en.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }