ESWATINI DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES

The report evaluates the 'Combined Agenda 2063' scenario for Eswatini, which integrates 11 sectoral interventions to drive economic growth and poverty reduction. By 2043, this scenario could raise GDP per capita to US$22,901 and reduce poverty from 60% in 2019 to 24.5%. While the scenario projects significant growth in the service and ICT sectors and an overall GDP increase to US$29.3 billion, it also forecasts an increase in carbon emissions to 1.4 million tons by 2043 due to the scale of economic expansion.

• The Combined Agenda 2063 scenario, which integrates 11 sectoral interventions, could increase Eswatini's GDP per capita to US$22,901 by 2043, representing an increase of US$7,739 over the Current Path forecast.
• Among the specific interventions, improving intra-Africa trade is projected to have the highest impact on GDP per capita by 2043, adding US$1,137 above the Current Path, followed by manufacturing (US$861) and leapfrogging (US$807).
• Implementation of the Combined Agenda 2063 measures could reduce poverty in Eswatini from 60% in 2019 to 24.5% by 2043, lifting 400,000 additional people out of poverty compared to the Current Path, though 380,000 people would still live in extreme poverty.
• The total GDP of Eswatini is forecast to reach US$29.3 billion by 2043 under the Combined Agenda 2063 scenario, a 54.2% increase over the Current Path forecast of US$19 billion.
• Economic growth under this scenario is expected to increase carbon emissions from 0.4 million tons in 2019 to 1.4 million tons by 2043, which is 0.3 million tons higher than the Current Path forecast.

APA

le Roux, A. (2026). ESWATINI DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES. Institute for Security Studies. https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=SZ&topic=combined-agenda-2063

Chicago

le Roux, Alize. ESWATINI DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES. Institute for Security Studies, 2026. https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=SZ&topic=combined-agenda-2063.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=le Roux |first1=Alize |title=ESWATINI DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |date=31 May 2026 |url=https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=SZ&topic=combined-agenda-2063 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{leroux2026eswatini, author = {le Roux, Alize}, title = {{ESWATINI DEVELOPMENT FUTURES: GEOGRAPHIC FUTURES}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, year = {2026}, month = may, url = {https://futures.issafrica.org/geographic/guide.pdf?geography=SZ&topic=combined-agenda-2063}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }