The Green Economy Barometer 2018 Mongolia

The 2018 Green Economy Barometer for Mongolia highlights a significant gap between the country's legislative commitments and actual implementation. While the government has adopted the National Green Development Policy and Sustainable Development Vision 2030, Mongolia ranked 79th out of 80 countries in the 2016 Global Green Economy Index. The report argues that investing 4% of GDP into green development could reduce poverty to 10% and cut greenhouse gas emissions by 17% by 2030. Current challenges include severe air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, land degradation affecting 77.8% of land, and a precarious economic dependence on volatile mineral exports.

• Investing 4% of GDP in green development is projected to result in a 5.23% increase in employment by 2030, a reduction of the poverty rate to 10% (from 21.6% in 2014), and a 17% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP.
• Mongolia's performance in the 2016 Global Green Economy Index was very low, ranking 79th out of 80 countries, indicating a disconnect between official government narratives and tangible implementation.
• Ulaanbaatar faces severe air pollution, with PM 2.5 levels averaging 75, which is substantially higher than WHO standards; this is largely driven by the burning of coal and waste in ger districts due to a lack of central heating and infrastructure.
• Environmental degradation is widespread, with a desertification atlas from the Ministry of Environment and Green Development showing that 77.8% of land has been affected by desertification to some degree.
• The Mongolian financial sector shows limited support for the green transition, though some progress exists, such as the Green Climate Fund transferring USD 20 million to XacBank for low-carbon SME initiatives and the establishment of the Mongolian Green Climate Fund.
• As of the second quarter of 2016, there were 112,300 green jobs in Mongolia, representing 9.9% of all jobs, with the highest concentration in education (30.3%) and manufacturing (15.9%).
• Mongolia's progress toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals is close to the East and South Asian regional average, but 8 of the 17 goals are classified as 'red' priorities, specifically SDGs 2 (zero hunger), 7 (affordable and clean energy), and 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure).

APA

Green Economy Coalition (2018). The Green Economy Barometer 2018 Mongolia. https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-GE-Barometer-2018-Final-WEB.pdf

Chicago

Green Economy Coalition. The Green Economy Barometer 2018 Mongolia. 2018. https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-GE-Barometer-2018-Final-WEB.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Green Economy Coalition |title=The Green Economy Barometer 2018 Mongolia |date=May 2018 |url=https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-GE-Barometer-2018-Final-WEB.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{greeneconomycoalition2018green, author = {{Green Economy Coalition}}, title = {{The Green Economy Barometer 2018 Mongolia}}, institution = {Green Economy Coalition}, year = {2018}, month = may, url = {https://www.greeneconomycoalition.org/assets/reports/Barometers-2018/Mongolia-GE-Barometer-2018-Final-WEB.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }