PROGRESS ON THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS GOAL 7 PROGRESS REPORT: ANNEX

This annex to the 2021 NYDF Goal 7 Progress Report provides technical and economic mitigation potential estimates for forest-related activities, analyzes the ambition of forest targets in National Determined Contributions (NDCs), and estimates the global finance needs and public finance flows for forest mitigation.

• The maximum global mitigation potential for forests is estimated at 16.2 GtCO2e per year, which includes activities such as avoided forest conversion, reforestation, natural forest management, improved plantations, fire management, and avoided woodfuel harvest. For the three primary activities focused on in the report—reduced deforestation, afforestation/reforestation (A/R), and improved forest management—the maximum potential is 15.6 GtCO2/e, with approximately half achievable at carbon prices up to USD 100/tCO2e.
• Among the top 15 countries for avoided deforestation at a carbon price of USD 20/tCO2, Brazil has the highest yearly mitigation potential at 396.7 Mt, followed by Indonesia (275.7 Mt) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (171.6 Mt). For afforestation/reforestation at the same price, Brazil again leads with 42.0 Mt. For improved forest management at USD 20–50/tCO2, South Africa has the highest potential at 81.91 Mt.
• An analysis of 32 high-potential countries revealed that only 11 have quantitative mitigation targets in their NDCs. Many high-potential countries lack clear targets for specific activities; for example, Brazil has no clear NDC target for reducing deforestation, afforestation/reforestation, or improved forest management despite having high mitigation potential in all three categories.
• The report identifies a significant gap in how Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) are mentioned in NDCs. Mentions are categorized as 'fully' (concrete policies), 'partially' (mentioned without specific measures), or 'no mention' (not mentioned or not in relation to forests). Examples of full mentions include Nigeria's Community-Based Forest Resources Management Programme and Lao PDR's village forest volunteers.
• The estimated annual finance needed to protect, restore, and enhance forests globally to meet Paris Agreement goals ranges from USD 45 billion to USD 460 billion. The upper bound includes USD 180 billion per year for reducing deforestation by 45% by 2050 and USD 280 billion per year for A/R, silvopasture, mangrove, and peatland restoration.
• Public finance flows for forest mitigation in 2021 are divided into 'green' and 'grey' finance. Total green finance is estimated at USD 24.5 billion, comprising international mitigation finance (USD 7.7 billion), international REDD+ finance (USD 6.7 billion), and domestic REDD+ finance (USD 10.1 billion). Total grey finance, consisting of international and domestic finance for agriculture in deforestation countries, is estimated at USD 174.6 billion.

APA

Forest Declaration Assessment (2021). PROGRESS ON THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS GOAL 7 PROGRESS REPORT: ANNEX. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021NYDFReport_Annex.pdf

Chicago

Forest Declaration Assessment. PROGRESS ON THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS GOAL 7 PROGRESS REPORT: ANNEX. 2021. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021NYDFReport_Annex.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Forest Declaration Assessment |title=PROGRESS ON THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS GOAL 7 PROGRESS REPORT: ANNEX |date=2021 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021NYDFReport_Annex.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{forestdeclarationassessment2021progress, author = {{Forest Declaration Assessment}}, title = {{PROGRESS ON THE NEW YORK DECLARATION ON FORESTS GOAL 7 PROGRESS REPORT: ANNEX}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2021}, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021NYDFReport_Annex.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }