la huella ecológica de exxon

The report calculates that between 1882 and 2002, ExxonMobil emitted 21.53 billion tonnes of carbon equivalent, representing approximately 5% of global CO2 emissions. It argues that the company has actively undermined climate science and the Kyoto Protocol despite increasing production to record levels after scientific consensus on human-induced climate change was established. The findings link these emissions to 3.4%-3.7% of human-attributable global temperature increases and 2% of sea-level rise, with the latter projected to reach 3.2%-3.6% by the year 2200.

• Between 1882 and 2002, ExxonMobil's carbon dioxide emissions totaled 20.3 billion tonnes of carbon, which is between 4.7% and 5.3% of total global CO2 emissions. When including methane, the total emissions reach 21.53 billion tonnes of carbon equivalent.
• ExxonMobil's emissions have increased despite scientific warnings: 99.9% of its emissions occurred after the first calculation of global warming in 1896, and 65% occurred after 1971, when scientists reported the risk of rapid, human-caused climate change.
• The company's emissions are responsible for 3.4% to 3.7% of total human-attributable global temperature modifications since 1882 and 2% of the increase in sea level. Due to the slow response of sea levels, the total contribution to sea-level rise is projected to be 3.2% to 3.6% by the year 2200.
• ExxonMobil has actively worked to undermine climate science and policy, specifically by lobbying against the Kyoto Protocol and funding organizations like the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) and Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE) to challenge the scientific consensus.
• In 2002, ExxonMobil's emissions represented between 4.8% and 5.5% of the total concentration of CO2 emissions above pre-industrial levels, showing a steady increase from 0% in 1882 and 2.5%-2.8% in 1960.

APA

Friends of the Earth International (2004). la huella ecológica de exxon. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/foeiclimateesp.pdf

Chicago

Friends of the Earth International. la huella ecológica de exxon. 2004. https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/foeiclimateesp.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Friends of the Earth International |title=la huella ecológica de exxon |date=January 2004 |url=https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/foeiclimateesp.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{friendsoftheearthinternational2004huella, author = {{Friends of the Earth International}}, title = {{la huella ecológica de exxon}}, institution = {Friends of the Earth International}, year = {2004}, month = jan, url = {https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/foeiclimateesp.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }