Scaling Up AFOLU Mitigation Activities in Non­Annex I Countries

The report identifies that the creation of expiring units (tCERs and lCERs) and complex methodologies have severely diminished investment confidence in A/R CDM projects, leading developers to prefer voluntary markets. It recommends replacing expiring units with a risk-buffer system, simplifying methodologies, and potentially extending national accounting systems (Article 3.3) to non-Annex I countries to increase mitigation potential, which is estimated at 10,000 MtCO2 per year by 2030 in developing countries.

• Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) activities in developing countries have a significant mitigation potential, with an estimated 10,000 MtCO2 of annual reductions possible by 2030, representing approximately 70% of the global forest mitigation potential.
• The use of expiring units (tCERs and lCERs) instead of fungible units has severely reduced the financial attractiveness of A/R CDM projects, with these expiring credits estimated to be worth only about 25% of the value of standard CERs.
• A/R CDM methodologies are excessively complex and lengthy compared to non-A/R projects, often reaching 90 to 100 pages, which increases the need for expensive specialized consultants and creates barriers to registration.
• The report proposes replacing expiring units with a risk-buffer system, similar to the Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS), where a percentage of created units is held to cover potential reversals, thereby creating fungible credits and reducing risk for buyers.
• Extending the ability for non-Annex I countries to use national accounting systems for reforestation and deforestation (similar to Article 3.3 for Annex I countries) is suggested as a cost-effective way to increase activity and capacity building.

APA

Baalman, P., & Schlamadinger, B. (2008). Scaling Up AFOLU Mitigation Activities in Non­Annex I Countries. Climate Strategies. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ukocc-afolu-mitgation-final-report-final.pdf

Chicago

Baalman, Penny, and Bernhard Schlamadinger. Scaling Up AFOLU Mitigation Activities in Non­Annex I Countries. Climate Strategies, 2008. https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ukocc-afolu-mitgation-final-report-final.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Baalman |first1=Penny |last2=Schlamadinger |first2=Bernhard |title=Scaling Up AFOLU Mitigation Activities in Non­Annex I Countries |publisher=Climate Strategies |date=12 June 2008 |url=https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ukocc-afolu-mitgation-final-report-final.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{baalman2008scaling, author = {Baalman, Penny and Schlamadinger, Bernhard}, title = {{Scaling Up AFOLU Mitigation Activities in Non­Annex I Countries}}, institution = {Climate Strategies}, year = {2008}, month = jun, url = {https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ukocc-afolu-mitgation-final-report-final.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }