Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Industry Sector

This fact sheet outlines greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options for the industrial sector in Pakistan, focusing on energy efficiency improvements across key sub-sectors to reduce projected emissions by 2030.

• Industry emissions in Pakistan are projected to increase by 230 per cent between 2012 and 2030, rising from approximately 59 MtCO2e in 2012 to approximately 196 MtCO2e in 2030.
• The total potential GHG emission reduction for the industry sector by 2030 is 28.4 MtCO2e, which represents a 14% reduction from the Business-As-Usual (BAU) levels.
• The cement industry is the largest industrial sector in Pakistan regarding fuel use and is heavily dependent on coal, which accounts for more than 90 per cent of its energy consumption. Proposed mitigation includes shifting from single-stage dry kilns to high efficiency multi-stage dry kilns and introducing BAT standards, which could reduce coal consumption and emissions by 44% by 2030.
• The brick manufacturing sector predominantly uses outdated bull-trench kilns. Converting these to modified bull-trench and zig-zag kilns, and subsequently upgrading them to best available technology (BAT) levels, could result in 35 per cent energy savings by 2030.
• The textile industry contributes approximately 10% of Pakistan's GDP and over 50 per cent of total exports, employing about 30% of the national workforce. Energy efficiency improvements, including steam traps and improved boiler maintenance, could reduce baseline natural gas consumption by up to 22 per cent by 2030.
• In the iron and steel sector, natural gas meets 92 per cent of fossil fuel demand. Mitigation strategies include improving the re-rolling process in the private sector to reduce fuel consumption by 10 per cent and upgrading public plants to BAT efficiency standards by 2020 to reduce natural gas use by 15 per cent.
• The fertiliser industry relies on natural gas for both fuel and feedstock for ammonia production. Transitioning to high efficiency steam reforming and Haber-Bosch synthesis processes could lead to a 25 per cent reduction in gas demand by 2030 compared to the baseline.
• The pulp and paper industry's energy use is 94 per cent natural gas, with the pulping step being the most energy-intensive. Thermal energy efficiency improvements, such as better pipe insulation and heat recovery, are estimated to reduce natural gas demand by a maximum of 7 per cent.

APA

Climate and Development Knowledge Network (n.d.). Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Industry Sector. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Industry-sector.pdf

Chicago

Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Industry Sector. n.d. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Industry-sector.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |title=Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Industry Sector |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Industry-sector.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateanddevelopmentknowledgenetworkndgreenhouse, author = {{Climate and Development Knowledge Network}}, title = {{Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Industry Sector}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Industry-sector.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }