Facteurs et défis associés au développement respectueux du climat

The document identifies five key drivers for Climate Compatible Development (CCD)—national adaptation needs, energy security, new economic opportunities, access to climate finance, and strong government leadership—while detailing seven primary obstacles, including high opportunity costs, political resistance, and institutional constraints. It provides case studies from over 40 countries to illustrate how these factors interact and suggests solutions such as multi-stakeholder dialogue, legislative anchoring, and risk-sharing financial mechanisms.

• Economic motivations for CCD are driven by the high cost of inaction; for example, extreme weather was estimated to cost 1% of global GDP annually by 2050, while Kenya saw a 16% annual GDP reduction during the 1998-2000 drought.
• Energy security and resource efficiency are primary drivers for CCD, particularly for oil-importing developing nations and rapidly growing economies like China, which prioritises resource efficiency in its 12th Five-Year Plan to sustain production.
• CCD can create new economic opportunities through the export of green technologies and increased market competitiveness. China is cited as a leader in solar photovoltaic (PV) technology due to policies supporting green investment and innovation.
• Access to international climate finance, including the Green Climate Fund and mechanisms like REDD+, acts as a catalyst for CCD strategies, especially for aid-dependent countries and those seeking to diversify their economies, such as Guyana.
• Strong political leadership is essential for CCD, whether it comes from individual leaders (e.g., the President of Rwanda), specific institutions, or subnational governments (e.g., the city of Cartagena in Colombia).
• High monetary and opportunity costs are significant barriers; for instance, the cost of climate adaptation in least developed countries is estimated to average nearly 13% of GDP by 2030.
• Political resistance from powerful interest groups, such as polluting industries or those benefiting from fossil fuel subsidies, often hinders CCD. The document notes that in 2010, only 8% of the $409 billion in global fossil fuel subsidies went to the poorest 20% of the population.
• Institutional constraints, including unclear responsibilities between ministries and a lack of technical capacity, impede implementation. A study in 10 Latin American countries found that while many climate policies exist, implementation levels are "astonishingly low", with only 25% of actions in Chile's 2008 National Action Plan being implemented.
• Technological uncertainties and the high cost of low-carbon technologies compared to fossil fuels discourage investment. India's Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is presented as a solution that created a secure investment environment through 25-year power purchase agreements.

APA

Ellis, K., Cambray, A., & Lemma, A. (2013). Facteurs et défis associés au développement respectueux du climat. Climate and Development Knowledge Network. https://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/CDKN_Working_Paper-Climate_Compatible_Development_French_final_low-res.pdf

Chicago

Ellis, Karen, Ali Cambray, and Alberto Lemma. Facteurs et défis associés au développement respectueux du climat. Climate and Development Knowledge Network, 2013. https://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/CDKN_Working_Paper-Climate_Compatible_Development_French_final_low-res.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Ellis |first1=Karen |last2=Cambray |first2=Ali |last3=Lemma |first3=Alberto |title=Facteurs et défis associés au développement respectueux du climat |publisher=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |date=February 2013 |url=https://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/CDKN_Working_Paper-Climate_Compatible_Development_French_final_low-res.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{ellis2013facteurs, author = {Ellis, Karen and Cambray, Ali and Lemma, Alberto}, title = {{Facteurs et défis associés au développement respectueux du climat}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, year = {2013}, month = feb, url = {https://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/CDKN_Working_Paper-Climate_Compatible_Development_French_final_low-res.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }