PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LAS CIUDADES ESPAÑOLAS

The document finds that climate adaptation planning in Spanish cities is in its early stages, with only 11 of 54 analyzed cities having specific plans, most of which were developed in the last three years. While these plans show strengths in international network adherence and risk assessment, they lack binding legislation, dedicated budgets, and sufficient integration of equity and justice. The brief highlights Barcelona, Córdoba, and Murcia as high-performing cities and suggests that the Spanish state and regional governments should provide more technical and financial support, potentially through mandatory planning regulations similar to those in the UK, Denmark, France, and Slovakia.

• Climate adaptation planning in Spanish cities is underdeveloped; out of 54 cities analyzed, only 11 have an adaptation plan, and 9 of those were created within the last three years.
• The Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy is identified as the primary driver for the development of climate planning in European and Spanish cities.
• Spanish adaptation plans generally lack binding legal frameworks and dedicated funding; only 3 of the evaluated cities have a global budget assigned to their plan, and most measures are voluntary rather than binding.
• While most analyzed cities have conducted risk assessments and vulnerability analyses, there is a significant deficiency in monitoring, evaluation, and reporting (MER) processes and learning mechanisms for plan adjustment.
• Legitimacy is the area with the most room for improvement, specifically regarding transparency, public dialogue, and the integration of equity and justice for vulnerable populations.
• Barcelona, Córdoba, and Murcia are highlighted as the highest-rated Spanish cities, with Barcelona and Córdoba specifically noted for their flexibility and adaptive management mechanisms.
• In cities without specific adaptation plans, the integration of climate adaptation into other municipal tools—such as Emergency Plans (PEMU) or General Urban Planning Plans (PGOU)—is in a very initial state.
• The document suggests that Spain could increase the number of adaptation plans by adopting mandatory regulations, citing Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, and Slovakia as examples where such laws exist.

APA

Sanz, E., Olazabal, M., & de Murieta, E. S. (2019). PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LAS CIUDADES ESPAÑOLAS. Basque Centre for Climate Change. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201910310807321352788299.pdf

Chicago

Sanz, Estibaliz, Marta Olazabal, and Elisa Sainz de Murieta. PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LAS CIUDADES ESPAÑOLAS. Basque Centre for Climate Change, 2019. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201910310807321352788299.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Sanz |first1=Estibaliz |last2=Olazabal |first2=Marta |last3=de Murieta |first3=Elisa Sainz |title=PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LAS CIUDADES ESPAÑOLAS |publisher=Basque Centre for Climate Change |date=2019 |url=https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201910310807321352788299.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sanz2019planificacin, author = {Sanz, Estibaliz and Olazabal, Marta and de Murieta, Elisa Sainz}, title = {{PLANIFICACIÓN DE LA ADAPTACIÓN AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LAS CIUDADES ESPAÑOLAS}}, institution = {Basque Centre for Climate Change}, year = {2019}, url = {https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201910310807321352788299.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }