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This reflection paper provides preliminary scoping insights for the second European Climate Risk Assessment (EUCRA-2), drawing on the experience of the EUCRA-1 core team and expert consultations held in early 2025.

This document is a glossary of terms used in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations and related activities, compiled by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) using definitions from the UNFCCC and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).

The Climate Negotiations Glossary provides concise definitions of key terms, acronyms, and procedural mechanisms used within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and related agreements, including the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.

This report analyzes whether Canada's international trade obligations, specifically under the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), act as barriers or opportunities for sustainable public procurement (SPP). It concludes that these agreements provide significant flexibility for implementing green, social, and strategic procurement, provided that requirements are not based on national origin.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the governance of the circular economy (CE) in urban settings. It identifies key barriers to implementation—such as administrative silos and a lack of holistic data—and provides four strategic recommendations for urban policymakers to accelerate the transition toward resource-efficient and resilient urban systems.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes the implementation of Green Public Procurement (GPP) in Tallinn, Estonia. It evaluates the current state of procurement within city agencies, identifies systemic barriers—such as lack of time and expertise—and compares Tallinn's approach with other Nordic and Dutch cities. The document concludes with a four-stage strategic roadmap to increase the prevalence of environmental criteria in city contracts.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the evolution of global climate governance from the 1979 World Climate Conference to the 2015 Paris Agreement. It examines the shift from 'top-down' prescriptive instruments like the Kyoto Protocol to 'bottom-up' participatory frameworks, highlighting the ongoing tension between universal participation and the equitable distribution of responsibilities based on historical emissions and national capacities.

This document is a Green Bond Fact Sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative detailing a SEK 1bn (USD 106m) green bond issued by Fastighets AB Balder on June 5, 2019.

This guide by the Stockholm Environment Institute explains how local governments can estimate consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions inventories (CBEIs) to understand the full carbon footprint of their communities, including emissions generated outside city borders.

The Carbon-Free Regions Handbook: Mobility is a guide by RMI that outlines strategic actions for regional governments to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation, which currently accounts for 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

This briefing note provides an overview of the 2018 Talanoa Dialogue on Climate Ambition, outlining how National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) and civil society can integrate human rights-based perspectives into the process to inform future national climate commitments.

This case study features an interview with leadership from the Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency regarding its role as the energy efficiency hub for Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL), its alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 7, and its support for the Global Energy Efficiency Accelerator Platform.

The Carbon-Free City Handbook: Electricity is a guide by RMI that outlines strategies for cities to transition to carbon-free renewable energy. It emphasizes a two-step process: committing to 100 percent renewable energy targets and implementing comprehensive action plans. The document details four specific actions: upgrading to smart LED streetlighting, creating electric districts by removing fossil-fuel infrastructure, installing municipal solar PV, and securing renewable energy supplies through mechanisms like power purchase agreements.

This guide from the World Resources Institute provides a glossary of 23 key terms and acronyms essential for understanding the climate negotiations at COP23, focusing on the implementation of the Paris Agreement.

This briefing discusses the role of cities as primary vehicles for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing that urban governance and knowledge-sharing between cities can address global societal problems. It highlights how decentralization and municipal empowerment enable cities to implement pragmatic solutions, which is particularly relevant for Africa's rapidly growing urban centers.

The Carbon-Free City Handbook, published by the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) in November 2017, provides a guide for city governments to implement 22 "no-regrets" actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The handbook focuses on five key sectors: buildings, transportation and mobility, electricity, industry, and biological resources, offering a framework for cities to transition toward 100% renewable energy and carbon-free operations through immediate, actionable, and economically viable policies.

The 'COP22 Jargon Cheat Sheet' by the World Resources Institute is a guide designed to explain the complex terminology, acronyms, and processes associated with the 22nd Conference of the Parties (COP22) in Marrakech, Morocco, and the implementation of the Paris Agreement.

This report provides a primer for policy makers on the roles and responsibilities of local, national, and international governance in enabling cities to lead climate change mitigation and adaptation. It emphasizes the critical role of urban areas, which emit over 70% of global emissions, and outlines financial instruments and planning steps necessary for a low-carbon and climate-resilient urban transformation.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of public procurement as a strategic tool for driving green growth and innovation. It argues that governments can leverage their significant purchasing power to create demand for sustainable products, thereby incentivizing private sector innovation and scaling green markets. The document provides a theoretical framework for sustainable value creation and presents several international case studies to illustrate different approaches to Green Public Procurement (GPP).

This report, prepared by the Stockholm Environment Institute and partners for the City of Seattle, develops a 'Carbon Neutral' scenario to demonstrate a pathway for the city to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. The analysis focuses on 'core' emissions—buildings, transportation, and waste—where the city has the most direct policy influence. The scenario suggests that aggressive implementation of efficiency and fuel-switching strategies could reduce per capita GHG emissions by 90% by 2050 relative to 2008 levels.