HOW DOES MODERN IRRIGATION INFLUENCE FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL STRESSORS? THE CASE OF ITOIZ-CANAL DE NAVARRA

The study examines the impact of modern irrigation on farmer vulnerability in the Itoiz-Canal de Navarra region, identifying that small-scale diversified farmers are the most vulnerable to both climate and market stressors due to a lack of adaptive capacity, while intensive farmers are the least vulnerable.

• Small-scale diversified farmers are the most vulnerable group to both climate variability (drought) and crop price volatility. Their vulnerability is primarily driven by a low adaptive capacity resulting from limited access to technology, social networks, and financial assets such as credit, insurance, and subsidies.
• Intensive farmers are the least vulnerable to climate variability, drought, and price volatility. This is attributed to their high adaptive capacity, which is supported by access to large land areas, education, cash flows, social connections, and significant financial benefits from subsidies, including the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
• The adoption of modern irrigation has created a disparity where the adaptive capacity of intensive farmers increases the vulnerability of small-scale diversified farmers by worsening their access to communal land and irrigation water.
• Medium-scale rainfed organic farmers are the second most vulnerable group to climate variability, largely due to high sensitivity caused by family-based dependency and a lack of social networks with mainstream organisations.
• There is a disconnect between climate change projections and farmer perceptions in the study area; 66% of farmers expressed a lack of concern regarding future water availability and supported modern irrigation to increase consumption and competitiveness.

APA

A., A., U., P., & E., C. (2017). HOW DOES MODERN IRRIGATION INFLUENCE FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL STRESSORS? THE CASE OF ITOIZ-CANAL DE NAVARRA. Basque Centre for Climate Change. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201712271122471193892022.pdf

Chicago

A., Albizua,, Pascual, U., and Corbera, E. HOW DOES MODERN IRRIGATION INFLUENCE FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL STRESSORS? THE CASE OF ITOIZ-CANAL DE NAVARRA. Basque Centre for Climate Change, 2017. https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201712271122471193892022.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=A. |first1=Albizua, |last2=U. |first2=Pascual, |last3=E. |first3=Corbera, |title=HOW DOES MODERN IRRIGATION INFLUENCE FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL STRESSORS? THE CASE OF ITOIZ-CANAL DE NAVARRA |publisher=Basque Centre for Climate Change |date=2017 |url=https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201712271122471193892022.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{a2017how, author = {A., Albizua, and U., Pascual, and E., Corbera,}, title = {{HOW DOES MODERN IRRIGATION INFLUENCE FARMERS’ VULNERABILITY TO EXTERNAL STRESSORS? THE CASE OF ITOIZ-CANAL DE NAVARRA}}, institution = {Basque Centre for Climate Change}, year = {2017}, url = {https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201712271122471193892022.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }