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The document argues that deep energy retrofits—defined as integrated measures reducing energy consumption by 30 percent or more—are often undervalued because investors focus solely on energy cost savings. It proposes a 'deep retrofit value' (DRV) approach that incorporates five key value elements: initial development costs, non-energy operating cost reductions (such as maintenance and insurance), risk analysis, tenant-based revenues (via higher rents and occupancy), and increased sales revenues driven by higher net operating income and lower cap rates.

The analysis finds that grid-connected solar-plus-battery systems will rapidly become cost-effective, potentially leading to significant load defection that could undermine utility revenues and create stranded assets. The report argues that the electricity system is at a 'fork in the road,' where current regulatory and pricing models will either lead to fragmented grid defection or an integrated grid where distributed energy resources (DERs) provide value back to the system.

The report introduces the electricity system value chain, a non-linear framework designed to map the flow of energy, information, and money across the grid. It breaks the system into three fundamental layers—organizational, electrical, and communications—and defines essential functions (input, process, output) within each. By applying this framework, stakeholders can identify the specific technical and regulatory connections required to realize and monetize system values, such as frequency regulation or renewable energy integration. The document provides step-by-step examples of applying the framework to solar PV and battery systems in both behind-the-meter and distribution-scale environments.

Granma province is serving as a model for Cuba's national goal of generating 24 percent of its energy from renewables by 2030. As of 2013, renewables supplied 37 percent of the energy consumed in Granma, supported by 3,664 systems including solar PV, biogas digesters, and solar food dryers. The province utilizes a diverse energy mix: 1,628 off-grid PV systems for remote infrastructure, 36 mini- and micro-hydropower plants producing over 7 MW, and 11 sugar mills generating 29 MW from bagasse. Additionally, the region employs 938 windmills for water pumping and 127 biodigestors for methane production. Educational initiatives, such as the Center for Solar Studies at the Camilo Cienfuegos School Complex, integrate environmental education to support this transition.

Bonaire transitioned its electricity system after a 2004 fire destroyed its diesel plant, implementing 11 MW of wind capacity and 6 MWh of battery storage. The island currently generates 40–45 percent of its annual electricity from wind and aims for 100 percent renewables by utilizing local algae for biodiesel in its remaining generators. This shift has reduced electricity costs to $0.22/kWh, compared to $0.36/kWh or more on nearby islands, and increased energy reliability and local employment.

The document outlines the GSA's National Deep Energy Retrofit (NDER) Program and provides a framework for achieving energy savings of 50% or more in federal buildings. It highlights the effectiveness of bundling energy conservation measures (ECMs), engaging diverse stakeholders, and utilizing a 'technical potential' tool to identify aggressive energy goals. Case studies, such as the Almeric Christian Federal Building, demonstrate the feasibility of net-zero energy through the ESPC process, while data analysis shows that NDER projects achieved an average of 38% energy savings, more than double the 18.5% average of non-NDER federal ESPC projects.

The report argues that the U.S. distributed solar photovoltaics (DPV) market must shift from customer-centric value models to system-wide value models to sustain growth and meet SunShot Initiative targets. It proposes three 'bridge' business model building blocks: increasing access via subscription and community models, treating DPV as a grid resource through optimized siting and production, and bundling DPV with other distributed energy resources (DER) for resilience. The document emphasizes that achieving these goals requires collaboration between utilities and solar companies to reduce soft costs and capture operational benefits post-interconnection.

The report argues that current U.S. distributed solar (DPV) business models are overly customer-centric and fail to capture operational grid benefits, leading to conflict between utilities and solar companies. It proposes three 'bridge' business model building blocks: increasing access via subscription models, optimizing deployment for capacity and grid services, and bundling solar with other distributed energy resources (DERs). The authors emphasize that maximizing DPV value requires collaboration to reduce 'soft costs' and a shift toward standardized valuation methodologies and transparent data sharing between stakeholders.

The document outlines eleven strategic solutions to help companies achieve net-zero energy in corporate real estate. It categorizes these into 'organize' (securing C-suite support and multi-disciplinary teams), 'capitalize' (investing in smart building management, health-focused design, and external financing), and 'optimize' (using value-based approaches and portfolio-wide investment allocation). The report emphasizes that energy efficiency should be the first priority due to its cost-effectiveness and potential to improve employee productivity.

The briefing proposes that China can avoid energy insecurity and pollution by 'reinventing fire'—transitioning from fossil fuels to energy efficiency and renewables. It identifies three key areas for transformation: oil-free mobility, integrative design for buildings and industry, and redefining the electric grid. The text focuses on oil-free mobility, suggesting that combining vehicle lightweighting (using carbon-fiber composites) with electrification can reduce energy needs by half to two-thirds and make electric vehicles more economic. It also emphasizes the need for logistics optimization to address low loading rates and the use of advanced biofuels or hydrogen for heavy-duty transport where electrification is not viable.

The report outlines a new business model for Fort Collins Utilities that bundles energy efficiency and solar PV services into integrated packages. It recommends a hybrid approach using auto-enrollment (opt-out) for a basic package, financed via on-bill repayment mechanisms such as on-bill tariffs and energy service charges. RMI's analysis suggests the model could support 90% of residential building emissions reductions and generate net income for the utility. The document details a pilot project for 200–300 homes to test customer demand, financial viability, and operational infrastructure before a city-wide rollout.

The document argues that Dr. Charles R. Frank Jr.'s analysis of electricity technology costs is based on outdated and methodologically flawed assumptions. Amory Lovins asserts that updating nine key variables—including capital costs and capacity factors for solar and wind power—would reverse Frank's conclusions. Lovins specifically critiques the use of national average costs, which he claims are inflated by atypical projects and do not reflect modern competitive practice.

The author argues that Dr. Charles R. Frank, Jr.'s analysis incorrectly concludes that nuclear and gas combined-cycle plants are more beneficial than wind and solar. By replacing Frank's data with empirical figures from the EIA and DOE, the author asserts that the priority for carbon savings actually shifts to hydro, wind, gas combined-cycle, nuclear, and solar. The critique highlights significant underestimations of renewable productivity and overestimations of gas and nuclear costs and reliability.

The report argues that traditional bundled, volumetric block rates are obsolete for a grid with increasing distributed energy resources (DERs) because they fail to reflect the temporal and locational value of electricity. It proposes evolving rate design along three continuums: attribute unbundling (separating energy and capacity), temporal granularity (moving toward real-time pricing), and locational granularity (addressing distribution 'hot spots'). The authors suggest a transition strategy using a combination of evolving default rates and opt-in alternatives, supported by third-party technologies to maintain a simple customer experience. Recommendations for regulators include increasing data transparency, enhancing valuation methodologies for DER attributes, and establishing clear timelines for rate transitions.

The report advocates for transitioning from traditional bundled, volumetric block rates to more granular pricing to incentivize the efficient deployment and operation of distributed energy resources (DERs). It proposes a pathway of incremental sophistication across three continuums: attribute unbundling, temporal granularity, and locational granularity. The document outlines six evolutionary pricing options, ranging from near-term possibilities like Time-of-Use pricing to longer-term, sophisticated models such as Distribution Locational Marginal Pricing, suggesting that technology and third-party providers can manage the resulting complexity for the end customer.

The GSA's National Deep Energy Retrofit (NDER) program demonstrated that deep energy retrofits can achieve significantly higher savings than typical federal projects, with Round 1 projects averaging 38% energy savings compared to 21% in other agencies. The report details a collaborative workshop held in April 2014 to identify process improvements, technical barriers, and economic strategies to reach the goal of 50% or more energy savings. Key recommendations include adopting integrative design, incorporating operations and maintenance (O&M) into performance contracts, and combining energy efficiency upgrades with appropriated renovation funds.

The author contends that energy efficiency is a disruptive technology that, through 'integrative design,' can provide energy services more cheaply than supply-side production. By optimizing entire systems rather than individual components, the author claims significant reductions in energy use are possible in buildings, industrial processes, and transport. A central focus is placed on the automotive sector, where 'ultralighting' and electrification could realistically eliminate US motor-fuel demand by 2050. The text warns that oil and gas companies face existential risks as demand-side innovations make hydrocarbons uncompetitive, suggesting these firms pivot toward efficiency and renewable energy investments.

The document describes a shift from the first Industrial Revolution's focus on labor productivity to a new 'Resource Revolution' focused on decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. It details five key strategies—substitution, optimization, virtualization, circularity, and waste elimination—supported by examples from companies such as Tesla, UPS, and Nest Labs, to create a mutually supportive relationship between business and the environment.

The report identifies that U.S. residential solar PV installation labor is significantly less efficient than in Australia and Germany, with U.S. installers averaging 9.4 labor hours per kW compared to 6.1 in Australia and 4.3 in Germany. It argues that the U.S. can reduce its installation time to approximately 7 labor hours per kW by adopting four key interventions: optimizing pre-installation, redesigning base installation (especially for clay tile roofs), using integrated racking, and reducing the number of system meters. The document attributes Australia's success to high market competition, a flat-rate payment structure for installers, and a regulatory environment that minimizes permitting and interconnection costs.

The text suggests that the impending grid parity of solar-plus-battery systems presents utilities with an opportunity to adapt their business models and regulatory frameworks to create a lower-cost electricity system for customers and society.