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This research paper examines the evolution of South Africa's defence industry from its growth during the apartheid era to its restructuring and reorientation toward global markets after 1994. It details the shift from state-driven self-sufficiency to a commercially focused model based on exports, international partnerships, and strategic procurement policies.

This briefing by Razeen Sally examines the challenges facing the World Trade Organization (WTO) amidst a shifting global power structure characterized by overwhelming US dominance and the decline of European and Japanese influence. The author argues that the WTO is suffering from regulatory overload, excessive legalisation, and political deadlock, which have crippled its ability to function as a negotiating mechanism. To survive as a vehicle for liberalisation, the author suggests the WTO must return to its core purpose of reducing trade barriers and secure clear US leadership supported by pragmatic coalitions in the Asia-Pacific region.

This research paper, submitted as a 'Brief Communication Arising' to Nature, argues that a United States hydrogen economy is practical and economically viable without the expansion of nuclear power. The author contends that fuel cells will accelerate the decline of nuclear power by providing cheaper energy services and that wind power is a more cost-effective method for hydrogen production via electrolysis than nuclear electricity.

A letter dated August 1, 2003, from a coalition of organizations to U.S. Trade Representative Robert Zoellick urging the United States to oppose the initiation of investment liberalization negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) Ministerial meeting in Cancun.

This briefing examines the evolution and application of the Minimum Standard of Treatment (MST) in international investment law, specifically contrasting traditional customary international law with the broader interpretations adopted by NAFTA tribunals.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law examines the evolution and application of the Minimum Standard of Treatment (MST) for foreign investments in international law, with a specific focus on NAFTA Chapter XI and the tension between customary international law and bilateral investment treaties (BITs).

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) examines the legal concepts of 'necessity' and 'proportionality' within the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework. It argues that shifting from a strict necessity test to a proportionality test—which involves weighing trade restrictions against non-economic policy goals—could allow the WTO to usurp the regulatory authority of national governments and undermine the ability of Member States to protect public health, consumers, and the environment.

This report by Friends of the Earth International and Corporate Europe Observatory argues that the World Trade Organization (WTO) is systematically influenced by transnational corporations to create trade and investment rules that prioritize corporate profit over public health, environmental protection, and community rights.

Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) opposes the continuation of the WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) negotiations, arguing that the agreement undermines social and environmental sustainability. FoEI calls for an immediate halt to negotiations, a comprehensive public impact assessment, and the exclusion of essential public services and natural resource extraction from GATS disciplines.

Friends of the Earth International argues against the launch of investment negotiations at the WTO, claiming such rules would prioritize multinational corporations over environmental protections and public interest. The document cites failures of previous agreements like NAFTA Chapter 11 and argues that the WTO is an inappropriate forum for corporate accountability rules.

A position paper by Friends of the Earth International from August 2003 urging WTO member states to reject negotiations on a multilateral investment agreement at the upcoming Ministerial Conference in Cancún, arguing such an agreement would prioritize corporate rights over public interest and environmental protection.

This briefing by Friends of the Earth International examines the theories, institutions, and impacts of the global trade system, arguing that its core principles are fundamentally flawed and prioritize economic growth and corporate interests over environmental sustainability, social equity, and human development.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) examines how multilateral trade negotiations within the World Trade Organization (WTO) could negatively impact the rights of Indigenous Peoples, specifically regarding territorial rights, traditional knowledge, and the management of protected areas and natural resources.

This executive summary examines the domestic import regulations for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) across various global regions and analyzes their compatibility with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. It highlights the contrast between the stringent regulatory regimes in the European Union and the more flexible approach in the United States, while also detailing the emerging biosafety frameworks in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. The document specifically evaluates potential legal conflicts regarding mandatory labelling, traceability, and the 'precautionary principle' within the context of WTO agreements such as the SPS and TBT Agreements.

This executive summary, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development in August 2003, analyzes the intersection of agricultural trade and sustainable development in Central America. It characterizes the region's agricultural structure, examines trade trends and projections, evaluates the environmental impacts of key agro-industrial activities, and discusses the role of international trade negotiations (WTO, CAFTA, and FTAA) in shaping support mechanisms for sustainable farming.

A statement from the Center for International Environmental Law and other representatives urging the U.S. Congress to strengthen environmental safeguards in the U.S.-Chile and U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and to reject them as models for future trade initiatives.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law examines how international financial institutions, investment treaties, and trade agreements pressure national governments to privatize water services, potentially compromising the human right to water and limiting regulatory flexibility.

The 10th meeting of the IAI Conference of the Parties (CoP), held June 3-5, 2003, in Boulder, USA, resulted in eleven resolutions. Key actions included the approval of the 2003/2004 Core Budget Request, Country Contributions, and Annual Program, as well as the 2001-2002 Financial Statements. The CoP established an Ad Hoc Committee on Relations with Member States to improve financial and participation interactions, defined 'basic support' for operational funds, and approved the modified Scientific Agenda. Administrative decisions included postponing a SAC member election and agreeing to review the frequency of future meetings.

A letter from the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) to U.S. Trade Representative Ambassador Robert B. Zoellick opposing the inclusion of a specific grant of jurisdiction regarding investment agreements and authorizations in the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

This briefing document from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) proposes renaming the Financial and Administrative Working Group (FAWG) to the Ad Hoc Financial and Administrative Committee (FAC) and outlines its revised mandate and operational procedures.