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The authors propose a streamlined framework to detect and map extreme events—specifically heatwaves, droughts, and floods—by selecting optimal environmental indicators and thresholds. Tested in Sweden using data from 1922–2021, the framework identified increasing occurrences of heatwaves and floods in large areas, while finding no significant trend for droughts. The study also identified compound hazard hotspots in northern Sweden, where drought-heatwave and drought-flood events are positively correlated between June and August.

The document examines how hydropower in Sweden is shifting from a baseload power source to a flexibility provider to balance intermittent renewables like wind and solar. This transition, coupled with industrial expansion in northern Sweden, increases the risk of ecological damage through hydropeaking and river regulation. The authors argue for a comprehensive, evidence-based planning approach that balances energy demands with biodiversity and community needs.