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This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies examines the implementation of the Firearms Control Act of 2000 in South Africa, which replaced the 1969 Arms and Ammunition Act. The document details the high prevalence of firearm-related deaths, public support for stricter gun controls, and the specific regulatory mechanisms introduced by the new Act to curb the proliferation of illegal weapons and manage legal ownership.

This report analyzes firearm penetration and community attitudes in three South African case studies: Kwa Mashu, Tsolo-Qumbo, and Lekoa-Vaal. It finds that firearm prevalence is increasing due to high accessibility and rising crime, with youth and gang members being primary drivers. While Kwa Mashu shows the highest levels of firearm-related crime and penetration, ownership is highest in Tsolo-Qumbo and formal Lekoa-Vaal areas. There is general community support for reducing firearms, though the preferred mechanisms for control differ between urban areas (police/defence force) and rural areas (traditional authority). The report suggests that while legislative change is desired, community-based initiatives and leveraging existing social structures like churches and sports clubs are viable paths for local action.