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The document discusses the role of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a potential bridging technology to allow the continued use of coal while reducing CO2 emissions. It argues that while CCS is viewed as a way to maintain the energy status quo, deploying it at a national scale would require a transformation of energy infrastructure as fundamental as a large-scale shift to wind energy.

The document defines 'cost parity' as the cost-competitiveness between renewable energy and traditional electricity supply. It outlines specific criteria for determining competitiveness based on the deployment model: behind-the-meter generation is competitive when its average cost equals or is less than the retail price (plus backup savings in developing economies); Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) are competitive when the price is lower than or equal to the retail price; and wholesale generation is competitive in the long-run when its average cost equals average wholesale costs.

The document argues that public finance should be targeted to improve the risk-reward calculus of low-carbon markets in developing countries to bridge a significant climate finance gap. It suggests using specific instruments like political risk guarantees and first-loss equity to attract private capital away from fossil fuels.

The Green Power Market Development Group (GPMDG) India, a partnership between the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), works to increase renewable energy adoption in India's commercial and industrial sectors. By addressing policy and market barriers, the group facilitates procurement, shares best practices, and aggregates demand for technologies like solar PV. As of July 31, 2015, GPMDG supported 250 MW of renewable energy, including 110 MW facilitated by its Bangalore chapter in Karnataka during its first year of operations.

The document examines how a national carbon price would induce emissions reductions across the U.S. economy, with the most immediate and significant impacts occurring in the electricity sector. It argues that while U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts are conservative, empirical evidence from places like British Columbia suggests that carbon pricing can drive substantial behavioral changes and technological innovation. The authors advocate for a combination of carbon pricing and complementary policies, such as R&D funding and energy-efficiency standards, to overcome market barriers and achieve a target of reducing emissions by more than 80 percent by 2050.

Ecological connectivity allows animals to move freely to find food and breed, sustaining natural processes that provide clean air, soil, and water. Human activities—including infrastructure development, deforestation, and overfishing—fragment these habitats, leading to human-wildlife conflict and ecosystem breakdown. Climate change further necessitates connectivity as species must move to adapt to shifting environments. WWF implements restoration strategies such as wildlife corridors and sustainable land-use planning, exemplified by projects in Borneo, Southern Africa, the Mekong region, and the Terai Arc. To scale these efforts, WWF co-created the Wildlife Connect initiative with the Center for Large Landscape Conservation and the IUCN WCPA.