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This case study examines Energy Safety Nets (ESNs)—social assistance mechanisms designed to help poor and vulnerable households access modern energy services—in Mexico. It analyzes four specific measures: differentiated electricity tariffs, the Oportunidades Energéticas program, the Fondo de Servicio Universal Eléctrico (FSUE), and a pilot program for subsidized LPG. The report finds that while Mexico has extensive experience with social safety nets, its energy subsidies often disproportionately benefit wealthier households, and targeted ESNs have frequently been short-lived due to political transitions.

This guide by Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) defines and provides a framework for Energy Safety Nets (ESNs), which are government-led mechanisms designed to close the affordability gap for the poorest and most vulnerable people to access modern energy services, including electricity and clean cooking fuels.