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This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the historical evolution, current structure, and systemic challenges of rural property rights in Brazil. It highlights how a legacy of disordered land occupation and a fragmented institutional framework have led to widespread land insecurity, social conflict, and environmental degradation. The document provides a detailed mapping of land categories, evaluates current government regularization programs, and offers policy recommendations to improve governance, law enforcement, and the integration of land registries.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the insecurity of rural land property rights in Brazil, detailing the social, economic, and environmental costs of this instability and the institutional obstacles preventing its resolution.

This research paper examines the relationship between property rights and the implementation of Brazil's 2012 Forest Code, analyzing how land ownership structures and administrative institutions influence landowner behavior and environmental outcomes.

This policy briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines landholding systems in Africa, drawing on African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) reports. It argues that while weak property rights hinder economic development, universal formal titling is often impractical due to institutional capacity constraints. The author proposes a gradual approach that leverages informal rights regimes and improves state administrative capacity to enhance tenure security.

This fact sheet by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio examines the impact of property rights uncertainty in rural Brazil, highlighting how legal instability contributes to deforestation, violence, and economic inefficiency.

This World Resources Institute report examines the legal and practical application of eminent domain for the establishment of protected areas (PAs) in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. It argues that the lack of democratic procedures in land acquisition leads to legal challenges, social conflict, and the eventual degazettement of parks. The authors recommend democratizing the exercise of eminent domain through transparency, public participation, and fair compensation to ensure that protected areas are both legally secure and locally legitimate.

This infographic by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-RIO examines the insecurity of rural property rights in Brazil, detailing how poor titling and institutional complexity lead to violence, deforestation, and economic inefficiency.