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This report analyzes how public development banks (PDBs)—including national, regional, and multilateral institutions—can overcome structural and market barriers to expand climate risk insurance in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It emphasizes the role of PDBs as intermediaries that can co-develop insurance products, bundle coverage with loans, and provide technical assistance to strengthen local insurance markets and enhance economic resilience against physical climate hazards.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a framework for climate finance practitioners to manage physical climate risks and design investments that enhance climate resilience. It outlines a three-goal process: assessing and managing climate risk to meet international standards, defining a clear adaptation investment thesis to secure funding, and designing impact measurement strategies to track resilience outcomes.

This briefing by RMI outlines a four-step framework for utilities and regulators to integrate physical and transition climate risks into long-term planning to ensure grid reliability and affordability. It argues that current utility planning often silos climate risk or ignores transition risks, leading to higher costs for ratepayers, particularly in disadvantaged communities.

This report provides a comparative analysis of how central banks manage physical climate risks, offering a phased roadmap for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It examines case studies from six central banks—Banco Central do Brasil, Bank of England, Bank Negara Malaysia, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, and South African Reserve Bank—to identify common challenges in data availability, technical capacity, and modelling. The document emphasizes a 'phased approach' and the 'principle of proportionality' to help regulated entities (REs) build capabilities before implementing mandatory capital requirements or reporting standards.

The Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT) Methodology provides a science-based classification system and interim screening criteria to identify and scale investments that contribute to climate adaptation and resilience. It establishes a framework to distinguish between different types of resilience investments and ensures they provide a measurable reduction in vulnerability without causing maladaptation or significant harm to other sustainability goals.

This research paper presents a systematic map designed to identify and understand the primary themes in existing literature regarding the influence of physical and transitional climate risks on the economic valuation of real estate assets.

This report analyzes whether 67 countries integrated climate adaptation and resilience into their COVID-19 recovery measures between January 2020 and December 2021. The analysis reveals a paradox where a country's income level was a more significant determinant of climate-responsive recovery than its actual vulnerability to climate risks.

This research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluates methodologies for tracking investments in climate resilient infrastructure (CRI). The study pilots a framework based on five climate resilience principles across the water, transport, energy, and AFOLU sectors, finding that CRI investments are a small fraction of total infrastructure spending, with USD 87 spent on non-resilient projects for every USD 1 spent on CRI.

The Climate Resilience Principles, published by the Climate Bonds Initiative in September 2019, provide a framework for integrating climate adaptation and resilience criteria into the Climate Bonds Standard & Certification Scheme. The document defines climate resilience investments as those improving the ability of assets and systems to persist, adapt, or transform against climate-related stresses. It establishes a three-part framework—Framing, Design, and Ongoing Management—to ensure that green bond proceeds are used for assets that are 'fit-for-purpose' and do no significant harm to the broader system. The report also addresses the potential for trade-offs between climate mitigation and resilience goals, suggesting that mitigation requirements might be relaxed for assets providing exceptional resilience benefits in high-risk contexts.

The Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT) is a framework designed to identify, classify, and qualify investments that contribute to climate change adaptation and the strengthening of resilience. It provides a structured system for financial institutions, governments, and corporations to allocate capital toward investments that address physical climate risks.

This research paper presents a new method, co-developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), to quantify physical climate risks for power generation portfolios. The method utilizes machine-learning techniques and climate science to estimate electricity generation losses across different climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5), specifically pilot-testing the approach on EBRD's thermal and hydropower assets.