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The Refinery Managers’ Environmental Forum (RMEF) submitted comments on August 21, 2009, regarding proposed regulations under the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (NEMAQA) in South Africa. The RMEF argues that the proposed minimum emission standards are technically and economically unachievable for existing refineries, particularly the requirement for existing plants to meet new plant standards within eight years. They advocate for a 'bubble approach' to measure total site impact rather than point-source monitoring and request specific adjustments to particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compound (VOC) limits to align with Best Available Techniques (BAT) and economic viability.

This document is a December 2012 submission by Natref to the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) regarding the draft Notice of Minimum Emission Standards (MES) under the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004. Natref, South Africa's only inland oil refinery, argues that the proposed point-source emission limits for sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are technically and economically unfeasible due to its unique inland location, fuel oil requirements, and space constraints. The company advocates for a "bubble" approach to emissions management and requests differentiated limits based on fuel type to maintain business sustainability and ensure the success of the Clean Fuels II project.

This document is an Atmospheric Emission Licence (WCCT006) issued by the City of Cape Town to the Chevron Refinery in Cape Town. Issued on 31 March 2014 and valid until 31 March 2079, the licence authorizes various listed activities related to petroleum refining, including liquid and gas combustion, catalytic cracking, sulphur recovery, and the storage and handling of petroleum products. It details the refinery's operational processes, raw material capacities, and general conditions for compliance with the National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act, 2004.

This document consists of a 2003 letter from the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and a 1994 registration certificate issued under the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act, 1965, regarding the operations of the Caltex Oil (SA) (Pty) Ltd petroleum refinery in Milnerton, South Africa.

A letter from National Petroleum Refiners of South Africa (Natref) to the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) dated September 1, 2011, detailing the refinery's air quality compliance status and proposing amendments to the Minimum Emission Standards (MES). Natref argues that the proposed 2015 SO2 limits are unachievable and requests that the DEA recognize the emissions reductions achieved through its Residual Crude Desulphurization (RCD) unit.

This research paper examines technical pathways for decarbonizing petroleum refineries in the United States to support the national goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. It analyzes the use of fuel switching, electrification, and carbon capture to reduce facility emissions and suggests a long-term transition toward processing renewable feedstocks for hard-to-abate transportation sectors.