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The document analyzes the impact of air travel on global greenhouse gas emissions and provides a framework for organizations to track, report, and mitigate these emissions. It highlights that air travel is projected to account for 12 to 27 percent of 2050 global emissions and that business travel specifically represents approximately 15 to 20 percent of global travel. Through case studies of organizations such as The Nature Conservancy, the European Investment Bank, and Ikea, the paper demonstrates the accessibility of conducting GHG inventories and setting science-based targets to drive organizational change.

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard provides a standardized framework for organizations to inventory and report indirect GHG emissions. Its primary goal is to enable companies to identify the most significant emission reduction opportunities within their value chains to inform sustainable business decisions. The standard aims to ensure inventories are 'true and fair' and cost-effective, support the development of emission reduction strategies, and ensure transparent public reporting. It is designed to be flexible, allowing companies to adopt a phased implementation approach to improve data quality over time.

The paper examines the complexities of developing citywide transportation GHG emissions inventories, highlighting that results vary based on decisions regarding boundaries, trip inclusion, and data collection. It reviews diverse methodologies—including those from the World Bank, the European Commission, San Francisco, and Lisbon—and argues that accurate inventories are essential for climate action plans and performance-based funding.

The document argues that while blue carbon ecosystems like mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrasses are powerful nature-based solutions, their inclusion in national greenhouse gas inventories and adaptation strategies is limited by data gaps and poor institutional coordination. To resolve this, the author introduces the BLUE framework, which consists of four stages: Build (foundational awareness and data), Link (connecting ecosystems to national plans), Unlock (securing finance and cross-sector strategies), and Embed (implementing monitoring and adaptive management). The paper asserts that integrating these ecosystems into national policies can mobilize the political will and finance necessary for large-scale conservation and restoration.

The Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories (GPC) provides a consistent international standard for cities and other subnational entities to account for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developed by WRI, C40, and ICLEI, the GPC addresses previous inconsistencies in city-level reporting to enable credible comparisons and aggregation at national levels. The framework requires cities to define a geographic boundary and categorize emissions into three scopes: Scope 1 (territorial emissions within the boundary), Scope 2 (grid-supplied energy), and Scope 3 (emissions occurring outside the boundary due to city activities). It offers two reporting approaches: a 'Scopes framework' for total emissions and a 'City-induced framework' (with BASIC and BASIC+ levels) focusing on key emitting sources. The GPC covers six main sectors: stationary energy, transportation, waste, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU), and other Scope 3 emissions. While it does not mandate specific calculation methodologies, it recommends alignment with 2006 IPCC Guidelines and suggests annual inventory updates to track mitigation progress.

The briefing explains how forests influence climate through non-carbon biophysical processes—albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols—and proposes six specific mechanisms for the UNFCCC to integrate these effects into national reporting, NDCs, REDD+, adaptation planning, the Global Stocktake, and IPCC assessments.

The document explains that forests influence climate stability through four non-carbon biophysical processes: albedo, evapotranspiration, surface roughness, and aerosols. It highlights that tropical deforestation contributes 50% more to global warming than carbon accounting alone suggests and can increase local peak temperatures by over 7.6°C. The authors propose six specific actions for UNFCCC parties to integrate these effects into national GHG inventories, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), REDD+ financing, adaptation planning, the Global Stocktake, and the IPCC's Seventh Assessment Report.