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This policy brief by the Peace Research Institute Oslo examines the disconnect between national-level water diplomacy and local-level water disputes, particularly in regions affected by armed conflict and climate change. It argues that while transboundary treaties provide macro-level frameworks, they often fail to address local allocation issues, which can be exacerbated by environmental stressors and political instability. The document advocates for a multi-level governance approach that integrates grassroots initiatives, technological innovation, and scientific research to build climate resilience and prevent conflict.