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The document highlights that just 1% of Nicaragua's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 110 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 4,211 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all electricity imports (currently 24%) and all fossil fuels used in electricity production, supporting Nicaragua's goal of 60% renewable electricity by 2030. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring approximately 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide reliable 24/7 power.

The document highlights that just 1% of Niger's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 1,469 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 721 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all electricity imports, primarily from Nigeria, and reduce electricity sector carbon emissions by approximately 0.7 megatonnes, contributing 13% toward Niger's 2030 NDC goal. Additionally, the technology is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its potential to help Niger reach its target of 100% electrification by 2035.

The document highlights that just 1% of Nigeria's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 1,798 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 282,824 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace fossil fuel power generation, reduce carbon emissions by approximately 15 megatonnes, and leverage existing subsurface expertise from the oil and gas sector. Additionally, it notes the technology's low land-use footprint (12 km² per 1 GW) compared to other energy sources and its ability to provide continuous, non-intermittent power to the grid.

The document presents nuclear energy as a critical, low-carbon complement to renewables for meeting growing global electricity demand, specifically within Central and Eastern Europe. It highlights the region's existing nuclear infrastructure and the potential for new deployments to achieve EU climate-neutrality goals. The text addresses safety, waste management, and costs, noting that while upfront capital expenditures are high, nuclear power is among the safest and cleanest energy sources available.

The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) recommends that NYSERDA establish a minimum clean firm capacity need, evaluate the whole-system value of nuclear energy beyond capital expenditure, and consider a wider range of technologies, including gigawatt-scale reactors. To reduce costs, CATF suggests a 'fleet approach' with pooled orderbooks and government-backed financial solutions. The document also proposes that the state explore a 'state champion' model, potentially through a purpose-made vehicle, to lead deployment and mitigate the financial risks that have stalled new nuclear construction in the U.S.

The document highlights that just 1% of Oman's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 121 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 41,275 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace fossil fuel power generation, reduce electricity sector emissions by approximately 16 megatonnes of CO2eq, and leverage existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a just transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of the Philippines's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 216 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 106,110 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 75 megatonnes of CO2eq, and significantly reducing the country's 90% dependence on coal imports, primarily from Indonesia. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its high energy density, requiring only 12 km² of land per 1 GW, which is substantially lower than solar, wind, or biomass.

The document argues that Poland must adopt a 'portfolio approach' to decarbonization, integrating renewables, nuclear power, carbon capture, and hydrogen to ensure energy security and industrial competitiveness. It emphasizes the need to harmonize national strategies—such as the Polish Nuclear Energy Program and the National Energy and Climate Plan—within the next 12 months to attract private capital. Key recommendations include expanding onshore wind to 70 GW, establishing a nuclear fleet of at least 8 GW, creating a national CCUS strategy by early 2026, and updating the Polish Hydrogen Strategy by the first half of 2026. The brief also highlights the importance of next-generation geothermal energy and strict adherence to EU methane emission regulations for the oil, gas, and coal sectors.

The Clean Air Task Force developed a tool to score U.S. pulp and paper facilities on their potential for carbon management based on five criteria: capture cost, capture potential, storage cost, cluster potential, and co-benefits potential. The tool uses GIS analysis, spatial statistics, and cost modeling to identify high-opportunity facilities for decarbonization, though the authors note that plant-specific engineering analysis is still required for feasibility determinations.

The report assesses California's path to a net-zero carbon economy by 2045, specifically examining the necessity of 'clean firm power'—zero-carbon electricity that is available on demand regardless of weather. Using three different optimization models (RESOLVE, urbs, and GenX), the authors find that relying solely on wind, solar, and batteries would require nearly 500 GW of capacity and increase wholesale electricity rates by approximately 65%. In contrast, integrating 25-40 GW of clean firm power—such as nuclear, geothermal, or gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS)—can maintain costs similar to today's levels (around 9 cents/kWh) while significantly reducing the land and transmission infrastructure needed. The report concludes that a diverse portfolio of clean firm resources is the most cost-effective way to ensure grid reliability during extended periods of low renewable output, known as 'dunkelflaute'.

The document highlights that just 1% of Serbia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 23 GW of energy capacity, generating over 195,481 GWh of electricity. This amount is five times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 30 megatonnes of CO2eq. Such a transition would enhance energy security by reducing dependence on imports of coal (10%), natural gas (79%), and electricity (18%). Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide reliable 24/7 power to the grid.

The document advocates for the deployment of next-generation geothermal systems in Central and Eastern Europe to provide baseload carbon-free electricity and heat. It highlights superhot rock (SHR) geothermal as a high-temperature resource that can deliver 5-10x more power per well than traditional methods. The author calls for a comprehensive EU Geothermal Action Plan by Q1 2026 and increased R&D funding to reduce project costs, which are projected to fall by 80% over the next decade. It specifically identifies Romania, Poland, Slovakia, Croatia, and Hungary as countries well-positioned to benefit from combined high-temperature heat and power projects.

The report outlines a three-phase roadmap for deploying Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in Poland, emphasizing the need for cross-government coordination, diverse financing mechanisms, and a transition from first-of-a-kind projects to a standardized fleet. It highlights SMRs' potential to decarbonize energy-intensive industries, repurpose coal sites, and provide district heating. The document recommends utilizing tools such as Contracts for Difference (CfDs), Regulated Asset Base (RAB) frameworks, and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) to mitigate construction and market risks. It also stresses the importance of securing early supply chain capacity in Europe and developing a high-level radioactive waste repository to ensure long-term sustainability.

The report outlines a three-phase roadmap for deploying small modular reactors (SMRs) in Poland to support decarbonization and energy security. It emphasizes the need for inter-ministerial coordination, the adoption of diverse financial instruments such as Contracts for Difference (CfD) and the Regulated Asset Base (RAB) model, and the transition from single demonstration projects to a commercial fleet. The document also highlights the strategic importance of securing supply chains, managing high-level radioactive waste, and leveraging EU funding and the IPCEI framework to position Poland as a regional SMR leader in Central and Eastern Europe.

The document highlights Somalia's significant superhot rock geothermal resources, noting that just 1% of this endowment could provide 241 GW of energy capacity. It argues that this technology could replace Somalia's current reliance on expensive diesel generators, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and lower electricity costs, which were approximately USD 1.0 per kWh in Mogadishu as of 2020. Additionally, the report emphasizes the low land-use footprint of superhot rock geothermal compared to other energy sources and its potential to create jobs and attract foreign investment.

The document highlights that just 1% of South Korea's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 50 GW of capacity, meeting 68% of its 2021 electricity demand and potentially replacing 48% of its coal imports. It argues that this energy-dense, 24/7 renewable source could significantly reduce carbon emissions and land-use requirements compared to other energy technologies.

The document highlights the immense potential of superhot rock geothermal energy in South Sudan, noting that just 1% of its estimated resource could provide 240 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 581 GWh and its 2030 NDC goal of 2,729.5 MW of renewables. It argues that this technology offers a low land-use footprint, provides reliable 24/7 power, and could foster economic growth and job creation, although it is unlikely to reach commercial scale in time for 2030 targets.

The document provides a detailed inventory of US state-level legislative and executive actions to achieve carbon-free or renewable energy targets, alongside a timeline of voluntary net-zero and carbon reduction commitments from major utility providers.

The document highlights the significant superhot rock geothermal resources in Svalbard, noting that just 1% of this resource could provide 97 GW of energy capacity. It argues that this technology offers a land-efficient, firm power alternative to fossil fuels and other renewables, potentially aiding Longyearbyen's goal of reaching zero emissions.

The document highlights that just 1% of Switzerland's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 20 GW of energy capacity, generating over 167,836 GWh of electricity. This amount is more than three times the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 66,039 GWh. Utilizing this resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 3 megatonnes, which represents 10% of Switzerland's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goal. Additionally, the technology could eliminate the need for all natural gas and electricity imports, improving energy independence. Superhot rock geothermal is noted for its high energy density, requiring roughly 12 km² of land per 1 GW, significantly less than solar (180 km²), natural gas (160 km²), offshore wind (520 km²), or biomass (14,000 km²).