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This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the potential conflict between low-greenhouse-gas (GHG) consumption strategies in high-income countries and the economic development of lower-income countries. Using a scenario developed for the Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP), the authors find that while shifting consumption from goods to services can reduce emissions and benefit the domestic economy of a high-income country, it may cause significant GDP declines in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) due to reduced trade in manufactured goods, particularly clothing.