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The document defines carbon accounting as the practice of quantifying and reporting greenhouse gas emissions to set reduction targets. It traces the evolution of environmental reporting from the 1987 Montreal Protocol and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the establishment of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. The text distinguishes between attributional accounting, which identifies where emissions occur, and consequential accounting, which measures system-wide changes resulting from specific actions. It argues that while attributional accounting is standard, organizations must adopt both methods in tandem and move toward near real-time assessments to effectively implement climate commitments and legislation like the US Inflation Reduction Act.

The document analyzes the 2023 Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor (CCRM) findings for 24 global corporations, concluding that their net-zero targets are largely exaggerated and misleading. It highlights systemic issues such as over-reliance on low-quality carbon offsets, the exclusion of indirect emissions from carbon neutrality claims, and a lack of short-term ambition. To protect consumers, the brief recommends a complete prohibition of 'neutrality' claims in the EU, proactive enforcement by public regulators, and a shift toward a 'contribution claim' model for financing climate projects.

The 2023 Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor evaluates 24 multinational companies, finding that 15 of them have climate strategies of low or very low integrity. Key issues include ambiguous net-zero pledges, insufficient 2030 targets that fall short of 1.5°C pathways, and a heavy reliance on non-permanent biological carbon offsets. While emission disclosure transparency is moderate, the report highlights a critical '2030 blind spot' where corporate commitments do not match the required global reductions of 43-48% by 2030. The authors advocate for a shift from offsetting to a 'climate contribution' approach and call for tighter regulatory oversight to ensure corporate accountability.

The Net-Zero Insurance Alliance (NZIA) released its first Target-Setting Protocol on January 17, 2023. Reclaim Finance argues the protocol is a 'step backward' compared to other GFANZ alliances and IPCC guidelines. Key criticisms include a low minimum emission reduction target of 34% CO2e by 2030, the failure to explicitly address fossil fuel expansion, and the exclusion of treaty reinsurance and certain construction insurance from its scope. While the document notes the positive exclusion of carbon offsets from targets, it calls for the NZIA to accelerate its protocol update from late 2024 to the end of 2023.

The report finds that 40 financial institutions fund a combined methane footprint that could exceed 503 Mt CO2e. It highlights a significant gap between the climate commitments of the countries where these institutions are domiciled and the institutions' own internal policies, which are described as weak or non-existent regarding agri-methane.

The report finds that GFANZ members, including major banks and asset managers, have provided hundreds of billions of dollars to companies expanding fossil fuel production. It argues that the alliance's sectoral guidelines and individual member policies are insufficient to prevent this expansion, often relying on flawed decarbonization targets that do not explicitly prohibit new fossil fuel supply. The document calls for the adoption of robust 'no-expansion' policies, alignment with UN Race to Zero criteria, and the implementation of meaningful accountability mechanisms to ensure financial flows are redirected toward clean energy.

The document outlines a comprehensive framework for the gaming industry to move beyond 'net zero' toward 'drawdown.' It identifies key leverage points for software companies, including the reduction of Scope 3 emissions from players' devices, the use of the industry's massive reach to normalize climate solutions, and the decarbonization of corporate cash and investments. The guide provides specific actionable recommendations and real-world examples from companies like Xbox, Ubisoft, and Unity to demonstrate how these strategies can be implemented in practice.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations call on Arla Foods to address its methane emissions, estimating the company's methane output at 0.3 million tonnes. The letter highlights a systemic lack of transparency in the meat and dairy sector, noting that 15 major companies produce methane emissions equivalent to over 80% of the European Union's total methane footprint. The authors recommend that Arla set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, report methane emissions separately from overall GHG emissions, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and align lobbying efforts with global climate goals.

Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations write to Danish Crown to highlight the company's estimated methane emissions and advocate for the adoption of absolute emission reduction targets, separate methane reporting, and a reduction in livestock numbers to align with the 1.5°C global warming limit.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations write to Danone's CEO to highlight the company's methane emissions and demand a shift toward absolute emissions reductions, separate methane targets, and increased supply chain transparency.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organizations inform the Dairy Farmers of America (DFA) that their estimated methane emissions are 0.9 million tonnes, contributing to a broader trend where major meat and dairy companies fail to disclose supply chain methane emissions. The letter demands that DFA set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, establish separate methane targets, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and align with UN standards for corporate net-zero pledges.

Changing Markets Foundation and partner organizations call on DMK to adopt absolute emissions reduction targets, specifically for methane, and to disclose supply chain emissions. The letter highlights that DMK's estimated methane emissions are 0.1 million tonnes and notes a general lack of transparency among the 15 largest meat and dairy companies, whose combined methane emissions represent over 80% of the European Union's methane footprint.

The letter presents findings that 15 major meat and dairy companies, including Fonterra, emit roughly 12.8 million tonnes of methane, representing 3.4% of global anthropogenic methane emissions. It highlights a lack of transparency regarding supply chain methane emissions and recommends that companies set absolute reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, establish separate methane targets, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and support sustainable diet policies.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations inform FrieslandCampina that its estimated methane emissions are 0.3 million tonnes, contributing to a broader trend where major meat and dairy companies fail to disclose supply chain methane. The letter demands that the company set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, report methane separately from other greenhouse gases, and reduce the number of animals in its supply chains.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations call on JBS Foods to adopt absolute emissions reduction targets and separate methane targets, noting that JBS's estimated methane emissions are 4.8 million tonnes.

The document is a formal letter to the CEO of Lactalis Group calling for urgent action to reduce methane emissions. It cites research showing that 15 major meat and dairy companies emit roughly 12.8 million tonnes of methane, representing over 80% of the European Union's methane footprint. The authors highlight that Lactalis' methane emissions are estimated at 0.5 million tonnes and criticize the company for not reporting methane emissions separately. The letter recommends that the company set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, disclose Scope 3 emissions, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and align lobbying efforts with global climate goals.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations write to Marfrig CEO Rui Mendonça Junior to demand urgent action on methane emissions. Citing their 'Emissions Impossible: Methane Edition' report, they estimate Marfrig's methane emissions at 1.9 million tonnes and highlight a general lack of transparency across the meat and dairy industry regarding supply chain methane. The letter recommends that Marfrig set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, establish separate methane targets, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and support sustainable diet policies.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations call on Nestlé to address its methane emissions, noting that the company does not separately report methane from its supply chains. The letter references a report finding that 15 major meat and dairy companies emit roughly 12.8 million tonnes of methane, and recommends that Nestlé set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, reduce animal numbers in its supply chains, and implement a just transition plan for farmers and workers.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations inform Saputo Inc. that its estimated methane emissions are 0.4 million tonnes, representing 59% to 81% of its overall greenhouse gas emissions depending on the GWP factor used. The letter highlights a systemic lack of transparency among 15 major meat and dairy companies, which collectively emit 12.8 million tonnes of methane—over 80% of the European Union's methane footprint. The authors recommend that Saputo set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, establish separate methane targets, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and support policies for sustainable diets.

The Changing Markets Foundation and partner organisations inform Tyson Foods that its estimated methane emissions are 1.6 million tonnes, representing 51% to 75% of its overall greenhouse gas emissions depending on the GWP factor used. The authors highlight a systemic lack of transparency in the meat and dairy industry, noting that none of the 15 largest companies examined disclose supply chain methane emissions. They recommend that Tyson set absolute emissions reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C limit, establish separate methane targets, reduce animal numbers in supply chains, and support policies promoting sustainable diets.