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The report finds that agricultural electricity subsidies in Haryana are regressive, with the wealthiest farmers receiving a disproportionate share of benefits. It suggests transitioning to solar-powered irrigation via the PM-KUSUM scheme, introducing slab-based tariffs, and improving the identification of poor farmers through inter-agency coordination.

The article analyzes the first round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through surveys of government representatives and stakeholders, primarily in developing and emerging economies. It finds that while the NDC preparation process improved political awareness, institutional coordination, and national climate policy processes, significant gaps remain in analytical capacity, financial resources, and technical expertise. The authors argue that addressing these resource gaps and improving stakeholder involvement is essential for setting realistic yet ambitious targets in future NDC cycles.