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The document examines the challenges of aligning long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS) with global adaptation goals. It explores the potential for combined, synergistic strategies that ensure emission reductions are climate-resilient and that long-term adaptation plans align with mitigation targets, specifically within the framework of the Paris Agreement.

The document argues that incremental adaptation measures, such as shifting planting dates, are insufficient for low-latitude tropical countries where climate change may undermine the viability of current crop systems. It advocates for a shift toward transformative adaptation, which involves fundamental changes to production systems, including the introduction of new crop species and the redesign of seed systems. The author emphasizes that crop R&D must expand beyond major staples to include traditional and orphan crops, while simultaneously investing in adoption pipelines, extension services, and gender-responsive policies to ensure the most vulnerable farmers can access and benefit from these innovations.