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This policy brief examines the entry into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) from an African perspective, analyzing its compatibility with the African Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Pelindaba Treaty) and the role of the African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE).

This 2018 report by the Centre for Environmental Rights evaluates the legal and practical regulation of wild animal welfare in South Africa. It argues that the current system is fragmented, outdated, and biased toward economic gain, leaving captive and exploited wild animals with minimal protection. The report highlights a critical jurisdictional divide between biodiversity conservation (Department of Environmental Affairs) and animal welfare (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), which results in inconsistent permitting, poor compliance monitoring, and inadequate enforcement.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), developed for the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS), analyzes the electoral legal framework of Guinea-Bissau. It identifies deficiencies in the coordination between electoral bodies, the financial independence of the National Electoral Commission (NEC), and the lack of demographic updates in parliamentary seat allocation. The document recommends comprehensive reforms to the electoral laws and the Constitution to improve transparency, integrity, and the eventual implementation of local elections.

This policy brief examines the legal framework for political parties in Guinea-Bissau, specifically the 1991 Framework Law, and proposes reforms to strengthen democratic functioning, political financing, and gender equity.

This report reviews Myanmar's investment treaty landscape as of June 2014, analyzing the legal implications of its bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and agreements negotiated through ASEAN. It highlights significant variations in drafting and provisions across these treaties, which increase the complexity of government compliance and the risk of costly investor-state arbitration claims.

This report analyzes the use of registration and approval requirements in investment treaties to limit their scope of application. It examines how these requirements function in practice, their interpretation by arbitral tribunals, and provides recommendations for States to ensure such clauses are legally effective and transparent.

This research paper examines the implementation and challenges of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) across the African continent. It argues that international control mechanisms fail to prioritize specific African concerns, such as the prevention of disease outbreaks, and that African states often lack the resources and political priority to implement necessary national legislation.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) analyzes the current state of transparency and public participation within the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system. It examines existing practices, the ongoing negotiations to review the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), and provides recommendations to increase both direct and indirect participation for non-state actors and WTO Members.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how performance requirements (PRs)—stipulations imposed on foreign investors to achieve specific development goals—are treated in international investment treaties. It analyzes the tension between the use of PRs to foster sustainable development and the prohibitions on such measures found in WTO agreements and bilateral investment treaties (BITs), highlighting the risks to the policy space of developing countries.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes how the definition of 'investor' in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) can be exploited through 'treaty shopping' and recommends stricter nationality criteria to protect host States from unintended international arbitration claims.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the implementation of the gacaca process in Rwanda, a system of community-based courts designed to prosecute perpetrators of the 1994 genocide. It details the transition from a pilot phase to a national rollout, the legal framework established by the 2001 and 2004 laws, and the significant challenges regarding judicial rigour, prison capacity, and national reconciliation.