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The report examines six proxy measures—material efficiency, waste recycling and reuse, industrial ecology, energy efficiency, renewable energy, and green procurement—finding that all six generate positive net benefits in job creation and induced economic impacts. These measures are generally more labour-intensive than fossil-fuel-related jobs and help decouple economic activity from greenhouse gas emissions.

The report examines the challenges faced by former South African National Defence Force (SANDF) personnel and combatants from non-statutory forces (such as MK and APLA) as they transition to civilian life. Based on a survey of 307 former soldiers, it finds high unemployment rates, particularly among the youth, and a significant mismatch between the military skills of demobilised personnel and the demands of the South African labour market. The document argues that the demobilisation process was often dysfunctional for individuals, leading to poverty and disillusionment. It recommends a policy shift toward targeted reskilling, public-private partnerships, and the creation of specific Citizen Force units to provide sustainable employment and social reintegration.