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The study finds that energy-efficient homes in Spain command a price premium between 5.4% and 9.8% compared to less efficient dwellings. Using a sample of 1,507 homes, the authors determined that homes rated A, B, or C have a 9.8% premium, while those rated A through D have a 5.4% premium. The research also highlights a significant lack of energy efficiency in the Spanish housing stock, with 52% of the sample rated E and nearly 25% rated F or G.

The study finds that energy efficiency labels (specifically class A+) add a price premium of 15.6% to dishwashers in the Spanish market, amounting to approximately €80 based on an average price of €514. Using a Quantity Based Demand System (QBDS), the authors determine that demand for labelled appliances is significantly more elastic than for non-labelled ones, with own-price elasticity for labelled goods ranging from -1.2 to -13.2. The research suggests that while Spanish subsidy programmes (paying €50 to €90) may have slightly overestimated the necessary premium, they have been highly successful, as nearly all dishwashers currently sold in the market are labelled A or A+.