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The report examines 12 blended finance case studies across sectors like restoration, bioeconomy, and the blue economy to demonstrate how to attract private investment into Nature-based Solutions (NbS). It argues that because nature is often a public good with difficult-to-monetize benefits, the public sector must play a critical role in creating enabling ecosystems through technical assistance and concessional capital. Key findings highlight that guarantees are among the most effective tools for mitigating risk, while engaging direct beneficiaries (such as insurance companies or utilities) can create sustainable revenue streams. The document details specific instruments, such as the Galápagos debt-for-nature swap and the Seychelles Blue Bond, to provide replicable models for G20 countries.

The Climate Bonds Initiative evaluates the JPY10bn green bond issued by Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK) on 24 May 2018. While the bond is included in the Climate Bonds database because LNG-fuelled ships are currently the lowest-emission option for long-haul shipping, the briefing argues that switching to LNG is insufficient for long-term climate goals. LNG-fuelled ships reduce total GHG emissions by only 15-21% and CO2 by 30% compared to heavy fuel oil ships, failing to meet the IMO's 2030 target of a 40% cut in GHG emission intensity. The document highlights the risk of 'lock in' to fossil fuels, as these vessels will operate into the 2030s, potentially delaying the transition to commercially viable renewable fuels like ammonia and hydrogen. It also emphasizes the necessity of controlling methane leakage to prevent LNG from having a worse GHG profile than traditional fuels.