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The Global Subnational Agricultural Production (GSAP) database is the first standardized global dataset providing subnational agricultural production data (2010–21) for the world's 50 most relevant crops. By collecting data from national agricultural censuses and surveys at the district, province, or region level, GSAP fills a critical information gap left by national-level data sources like FAOSTAT. The database currently covers 185 countries and approximately 15,000 subnational jurisdictions, capturing a significant portion of global production for staples such as soybean (92%), maize and sugarcane (85%), and wheat and rice (75%). The project aims to enhance the accuracy of analyses regarding yield gaps, climate adaptation, and supply chain sustainability, with future goals including the launch of a public online platform and the expansion of data to include livestock and forestry.