Transisi energi berkeadilan dan batu bara di Indonesia

The document examines the socio-economic and political challenges of phasing out coal in Indonesia, highlighting the role of artificial price caps, political 'revolving doors', and limited government planning capacity. It proposes the creation of a Just Energy Transition Support Facility under Bappenas to coordinate governance, finance, and economic diversification, while advocating for the removal of coal subsidies and the reform of the electricity market to favor renewable energy.

• Coal remains dominant in Indonesia's energy mix, providing approximately 67% of the country's electricity in 2022 and contributing nearly 2% to the national GDP.
• The phase-out of coal is hindered by artificially low prices caused by a government-imposed price cap of approximately 70 USD per metric ton for the electricity sector and export restrictions.
• Strong political and economic ties, including a 'revolving door' between the coal industry and politicians, make the gradual removal of coal difficult.
• There is a significant divide in visions for the transition: industry players and some government agencies favor technology-based solutions like carbon capture and storage, while NGOs and international organizations prioritize environmental and social acceleration of the coal phase-out.
• Government planning capacity is limited by weak communication between national and local levels, high personnel turnover in local agencies, and a lack of detailed national regulations regarding the role of regional authorities in renewable energy.
• The document recommends establishing a Just Energy Transition Support Facility managed by Bappenas, consisting of three pillars: knowledge and information, a talent pool for worker retraining, and financial mobilization for social protection and emergency funds.
• To support renewable energy, the document suggests reforming the electricity market by allowing PLN to adopt more flexible power purchase agreements and removing bureaucratic barriers for renewable energy companies.

APA

Bößner, S., Surya, L. R. F., Mendrofa, M. J. S., & Arond, E. (2024). Transisi energi berkeadilan dan batu bara di Indonesia. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-energi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-indonesia-rekomendasi-kebijakan-2.pdf

Chicago

Bößner, Stefan, lham R. F. Surya, Martha Jesica Solomasi Mendrofa, and Elisa Arond. Transisi energi berkeadilan dan batu bara di Indonesia. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2024. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-energi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-indonesia-rekomendasi-kebijakan-2.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Bößner |first1=Stefan |last2=Surya |first2=lham R. F. |last3=Mendrofa |first3=Martha Jesica Solomasi |last4=Arond |first4=Elisa |title=Transisi energi berkeadilan dan batu bara di Indonesia |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=October 2024 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-energi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-indonesia-rekomendasi-kebijakan-2.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{bner2024transisi, author = {Bößner, Stefan and Surya, lham R. F. and Mendrofa, Martha Jesica Solomasi and Arond, Elisa}, title = {{Transisi energi berkeadilan dan batu bara di Indonesia}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2024}, month = oct, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-energi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-indonesia-rekomendasi-kebijakan-2.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }