NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC 3.0 RWANDA’S 2035

Rwanda's NDC 3.0 sets an ambitious target to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 53% by 2035 compared to a business-as-usual scenario, integrating Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) for the first time. The plan prioritizes adaptation across eight sectors, including agriculture and water resources, and establishes a dedicated loss and damage response mechanism. Implementing these goals requires an estimated USD 12 billion, with USD 5 billion for mitigation and USD 7 billion for adaptation.

• Rwanda has established an economy-wide mitigation target to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by 53% by 2035 relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. This target consists of an unconditional reduction of 7% (1.84 million tCO2e) and a conditional reduction of 46% (13.02 million tCO2e) based on international support.
• The 2015 base year emissions are estimated at 8.7 million tCO2e, with agriculture being the largest source at approximately 63% (5.51 million tCO2e). Energy and waste each account for about 18% of total emissions, while industrial processes and product use (IPPU) account for 1%.
• Mitigation potential is highest in the energy sector (5.52 million tCO2e) and agriculture sector (5.37 million tCO2e). Key energy measures include the adoption of electric vehicles, renewable power generation, and clean cookstoves, while agricultural potential relies heavily on soil conservation practices like terracing and mulching.
• Adaptation is the foremost priority, focusing on eight sectors: water resources, agriculture, land and forestry, urbanization and human settlements, health, transport, mining, and WASH. Specific targets include rehabilitating over one million hectares of degraded land by 2030 and expanding irrigated areas from 102,000 ha in 2025 to 200,000 ha by 2030.
• Rwanda is implementing a dedicated loss and damage response mechanism to address impacts beyond the reach of adaptation. This includes upgrading the National Disaster Information Management System (NDIMS) to a real-time, AI/ML-driven platform by 2030 and establishing a unified L&D risk database.
• The total estimated cost to implement NDC 3.0 through 2035 is USD 12.032 billion, comprising USD 4.96 billion for mitigation and USD 7.071 billion for adaptation. Approximately 10% of mitigation costs and 23% of adaptation costs are expected to be covered by domestic unconditional funding.
• Climate change has caused significant economic losses in Rwanda, with extreme weather events between 2016 and 2024 resulting in cumulative loss and damage of approximately USD 1.2 billion. In May 2023 alone, floods and landslides caused damages exceeding USD 415 million and 131 fatalities.

APA

Stockholm Environment Institute (2025). NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC 3.0 RWANDA’S 2035. https://cdn.leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5166.pdf

Chicago

Stockholm Environment Institute. NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC 3.0 RWANDA’S 2035. 2025. https://cdn.leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5166.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Stockholm Environment Institute |title=NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC 3.0 RWANDA’S 2035 |date=2025 |url=https://cdn.leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5166.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{stockholmenvironmentinstitute2025nationally, author = {{Stockholm Environment Institute}}, title = {{NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION NDC 3.0 RWANDA’S 2035}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2025}, url = {https://cdn.leap.sei.org/pubattachments/5166.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }