Bilateral Finance Institutions & Climate Change

In 2010, four members of the UNEP BFI CCWG (AFD, EIB, JICA, and KfW) committed approximately 15.5 billion USD to climate finance in developing countries, a 22% increase over 2009. Mitigation received 80% of these funds, primarily targeting the energy (51%) and transport (31%) sectors, while adaptation funding decreased by 28% to 20% of the total, focused largely on water supply and treatment. Concessional loans were the dominant financial instrument at 70% of total flows. The report also details carbon finance initiatives managed by EIB, KfW, and NEFCO, which are tracked separately from direct climate finance.

• Members of the UNEP BFI CCWG committed just over 15.5 billion USD in climate change financing to developing countries in 2010, marking a 22% increase compared to 2009.
• Climate finance was heavily skewed toward mitigation, which received approximately 80% of funds, while adaptation funding saw a net decrease of 28% from 2009 to 2010, accounting for 20% of the total.
• Mitigation financing was primarily directed to the energy sector (51%) and the transport sector (31%), with renewable energy seeing a nearly 50% increase in financing share from 2009.
• Adaptation financing was primarily allocated to the water supply and treatment sector, although the reported decrease in this area was partly due to the application of a more rigorous definition of 'adaptation project'.
• Concessional loans were the primary financial instrument used, representing 70% of climate finance for both mitigation and adaptation. Grants were used predominantly for adaptation, increasing from 15% in 2009 to 27% in 2010, while non-concessional loans were used exclusively for mitigation.
• Geographically, just under half of the 2010 financing was directed to Asia, while financing to West and Sub Saharan Africa and Latin America increased slightly compared to 2009.
• Carbon finance is tracked separately from direct climate finance because it typically involves temporary capital commitments and does not achieve new climate outcomes.

APA

Siebert, C. K., Hoffmaister, J., & Klein, R. J. (2011). Bilateral Finance Institutions & Climate Change. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/UNEP-Bilateral-Finance-Institutions-2010-report.pdf

Chicago

Siebert, Clarisse Kehler, Juan Hoffmaister, and Richard J.T. Klein. Bilateral Finance Institutions & Climate Change. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2011. https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/UNEP-Bilateral-Finance-Institutions-2010-report.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Siebert |first1=Clarisse Kehler |last2=Hoffmaister |first2=Juan |last3=Klein |first3=Richard J.T. |title=Bilateral Finance Institutions & Climate Change |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=2011 |url=https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/UNEP-Bilateral-Finance-Institutions-2010-report.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{siebert2011bilateral, author = {Siebert, Clarisse Kehler and Hoffmaister, Juan and Klein, Richard J.T.}, title = {{Bilateral Finance Institutions \& Climate Change}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2011}, url = {https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/UNEP-Bilateral-Finance-Institutions-2010-report.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }